Confusion Matrix

In machine learning, a confusion matrix is a critical tool utilized for assessing the performance of a classification model. This matrix effectively encapsulates the model's predictions, juxtaposing them against the actual outcomes.

Within scikit-learn, the creation of a confusion matrix is facilitated by the confusion_matrix function, housed in the sklearn.metrics module. This function demands two pivotal inputs: the true labels and the predicted labels, yielding a square matrix where rows and columns align with these labels.

The core of the confusion matrix comprises four key values: true positives (TP), false positives (FP), true negatives (TN), and false negatives (FN). These values are instrumental in quantifying the model's predictive accuracy, delineating between correct and erroneous forecasts.

Furthermore, this matrix is foundational in computing critical metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and the F1 score. For instance, accuracy is derived from the formula: (TP + TN) / (TP + TN + FP + FN).