What are Functions?
Functions are fundamental building blocks in programming. They are reusable blocks of code designed to perform a specific task. Functions help make code more organized, readable, and easier to maintain. By using functions, you can break a large, complex program into smaller, manageable subroutines.
main.cpp
1234int main() // `main` is the name of a function { return 0; }
Note
The name
main
is already reserved by the C++ language. Therefore, when declaring a function with this name, the compiler will generate an error.
Creating a function involves several key steps to ensure it performs a specific task and integrates seamlessly into your program. A function consists of a return type, a name, parameters (if needed), and a body where the logic resides.
Define the type | Specify the type of data the function will return (e.g., int , void , etc.). |
Assign a name | Give the function a meaningful name to identify it. |
Provide a body | Write a block of instructions within curly braces {...} to define its functionality. |
get_bank_name.h
12345678// Function to return the name of the bank std::string get_bank_name() // type and name of function { // Beginning of the function body std::string bank_name = "Future Savings Bank"; return bank_name; // Return the name of the bank // End of the function body }
After creating a function, the next step is to call it. Calling a function executes the code inside it and allows you to use its result (if it returns a value).
main.cpp
1234567891011121314#include <iostream> #include <string> // Function to return the name of the bank std::string get_bank_name() { std::string bank_name = "Future Savings Bank"; return bank_name; // Return the name of the bank } int main() { std::cout << "Name of the bank: " << get_bank_name() << std::endl; }
Converting currencies is a common real-life task, especially in global transactions or travel. By creating a function, we can simplify this process, making the conversion reusable and efficient.
main.cpp
123456789101112131415#include <iostream> // Function to convert USD to Euros double convert_usd_to_eur(double usd_amount) { const double exchange_rate = 0.91; double euros = usd_amount * exchange_rate; return euros; } int main() { double usd = 100.0; // Amount in USD std::cout << usd << " USD = " << convert_usd_to_eur(usd) << " EUR" << std::endl; }
function.h
123int add_numbers(int a, int b); // 'a' and 'b' are parameters add_numbers(5, 10); // 5 and 10 are arguments passed to the function
In programming, arguments are values or variables that you pass to a function when calling it. These values provide the input the function needs to perform its task. By passing arguments, you can make functions more dynamic and reusable.
Function Parameters | Placeholders defined in the function header that specify the type and name of the data the function expects. |
Arguments | The actual values or variables passed to a function when calling it, which are assigned to the corresponding parameters. |
Passing Values to Variables | During a function call, arguments are assigned to the parameters. Inside the function, these parameters behave like regular variables. |
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What are Functions?
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Functions are fundamental building blocks in programming. They are reusable blocks of code designed to perform a specific task. Functions help make code more organized, readable, and easier to maintain. By using functions, you can break a large, complex program into smaller, manageable subroutines.
main.cpp
1234int main() // `main` is the name of a function { return 0; }
Note
The name
main
is already reserved by the C++ language. Therefore, when declaring a function with this name, the compiler will generate an error.
Creating a function involves several key steps to ensure it performs a specific task and integrates seamlessly into your program. A function consists of a return type, a name, parameters (if needed), and a body where the logic resides.
Define the type | Specify the type of data the function will return (e.g., int , void , etc.). |
Assign a name | Give the function a meaningful name to identify it. |
Provide a body | Write a block of instructions within curly braces {...} to define its functionality. |
get_bank_name.h
12345678// Function to return the name of the bank std::string get_bank_name() // type and name of function { // Beginning of the function body std::string bank_name = "Future Savings Bank"; return bank_name; // Return the name of the bank // End of the function body }
After creating a function, the next step is to call it. Calling a function executes the code inside it and allows you to use its result (if it returns a value).
main.cpp
1234567891011121314#include <iostream> #include <string> // Function to return the name of the bank std::string get_bank_name() { std::string bank_name = "Future Savings Bank"; return bank_name; // Return the name of the bank } int main() { std::cout << "Name of the bank: " << get_bank_name() << std::endl; }
Converting currencies is a common real-life task, especially in global transactions or travel. By creating a function, we can simplify this process, making the conversion reusable and efficient.
main.cpp
123456789101112131415#include <iostream> // Function to convert USD to Euros double convert_usd_to_eur(double usd_amount) { const double exchange_rate = 0.91; double euros = usd_amount * exchange_rate; return euros; } int main() { double usd = 100.0; // Amount in USD std::cout << usd << " USD = " << convert_usd_to_eur(usd) << " EUR" << std::endl; }
function.h
123int add_numbers(int a, int b); // 'a' and 'b' are parameters add_numbers(5, 10); // 5 and 10 are arguments passed to the function
In programming, arguments are values or variables that you pass to a function when calling it. These values provide the input the function needs to perform its task. By passing arguments, you can make functions more dynamic and reusable.
Function Parameters | Placeholders defined in the function header that specify the type and name of the data the function expects. |
Arguments | The actual values or variables passed to a function when calling it, which are assigned to the corresponding parameters. |
Passing Values to Variables | During a function call, arguments are assigned to the parameters. Inside the function, these parameters behave like regular variables. |
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