When we pass function arguments, there are two ways to do this:
- **By value**: the function's variable copies the parameter's value without changing the argument.
- **By reference**:  the function's variable copies the reference of the parameter by changing the argument.

By value:

void incValue(int x) {
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;x++;
}

int main() {
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;int x = 1;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;incValue(x);
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cout << x; 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;return 0;
}

As you can see by the output, `x` didn't change since we changed the copy of `x` in the  function `incValue()`.

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Pass by Value