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C++ Pointers and References
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C++ Pointers and References

C++ Pointers and References

1. Pointers Fundamentals
Introduction to PointerAssigning Addresses to PointersLink Between Pointer and VariablePointers Use Cases
2. Pointer Arithmetic
Introduction to Pointer ArithmeticPointer Arithmetic PracticeArrays and Pointers ConnectionArray Pointer Arithmetic Practice
3. References Fundamentals
Introduction to ReferencesReference Use CasesRvalue and Lvalue ReferencesReference vs Pointers
4. Dynamic Memory Allocation
Introduction to MemoryDynamic AllocationDynamic Allocation of the ArrayPointer to Pointer Dynamic AllocationSummary and Overview

Reference vs Pointers

References and pointers provide indirect access to variable values. but they have some key differences, as well as pros and cons.

Syntax

  • Pointers are declared using the * symbol;
  • References are declared using the & symbol.

Initialization

You can't declare an empty reference. But you can declare an empty pointer with nullptr.

Reassignment

References can't be re-assigned to refer to a different object.

cpp

main

copy

              
12345678910111213

            
#include <iostream>

int main() 
{
    int x = 125, y = 500;
    
    // creating a reference to x variable
    int& ref_x = x;
    ref_x = y; // attempt to re-assigned ref_x
    ref_x = 0;
    
    std::cout << x << ' ' << y;
}

Pointers can be re-assigned to point to different memory locations

cpp

main

copy

              
12345678910111213

            
#include <iostream>

int main() 
{
    int x = 125, y = 500;
    
    // creating a pointer to x variable
    int* ptr = &x;
    ptr = &y; // attempt to re-assigned ref_x
    *ptr = 0;
    
    std::cout << x << ' ' << y;
}

Accessing the value

To access the value pointed by a pointer, you use the dereference operator *. For references, you don't need to use any special operator; you simply use the reference variable directly.

Both pointers and references are crucial in memory management, contributing to the flexibility of programs. Their usage depends on the context.

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Seção 3. Capítulo 4
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