Struct Methods

A structure can also have methods apart from data fields. In a Struct, we create a method similar to how we create a method in general:

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struct structureName
{
    // some fields here (optional)

    public returnType methodName(parameter1, parameter2, ...) 
    {
        // code
    }
}

For-example:

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struct Player
{
    public string name;
    public int score;

    public void displayScore()
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"{name} has {score} score");
    }
}

In the Player structure we have a method called displayScore which displays a formatted output message containing the name and score. It is important to note that the name and score values will be different for each object (instance), which means that the displayScore method will show a different output for each object.

We can access and execute the method using the variableName.methodName() syntax. Let's look at how we will use the Player structure:

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using System;

struct Player
{
    public string name;
    public int score;

    public void displayScore()
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"{name} has {score} score");
    }
}

class ConsoleApp
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Player player1 = new Player();
        Player player2 = new Player();

        player1.name = "SuperKillerPro";
        player1.score = 100;

        player2.name = "Cyrex";
        player2.score = 77;

        player1.displayScore();
        player2.displayScore();
    }
}

In the example, two objects were created using the Player class and some data was assigned to them. The displayScore method was called using each object and the output turned out to be different for each of them.

We can also have methods with some parameters. Let's add a new method called "addScore" which increases the score by a specified amount and try using it:

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using System;

struct Player
{
    public string name;
    public int score;

    public void displayScore()
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"{name} has {score} score");
    }

    public void addScore(int add)
    {
        score += add;
    }
}

class ConsoleApp {
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Player player1 = new Player();

        player1.name = "SuperKillerPro";
        player1.score = 100;

        player1.displayScore();
        player1.addScore(70);
        player1.displayScore();
    }
}

You can see from the output that the method updates the score by 70 points.

1. Which is a valid keyword for declaring a method?

2. What will be the output of the following code?

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