Вивчайте Dynamically Allocating Structs

Let's review how to dynamically allocate memory in the C language.

To allocate memory on the heap, use the malloc() function from the stdlib.h library:

<pointer> = (data_type*)malloc(n * sizeof(data_type));

Note

When you dynamically allocate memory for use in your program, that memory remains reserved until you explicitly free it using free().

main.c


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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

// structure definition
struct Example {
    int someValue[20]; // int = 4 bytes, 20 * 4 = 80 bytes
};

int main() {
    // allocating memory for Example structure
    struct Example* pExample = (struct Example*)malloc(sizeof(struct Example));

    printf("Allocating memory = %zu bytes\n", sizeof(*pExample));

    // freeing memory
    free(pExample);
    
    return 0;
}

If a structure contains several fields of different data types, the compiler will equalize the size of the fields so that the structure is "conveniently" stored in memory.

After the completed job, pay attention to how many bytes are allocated for the structure with the int and char fields. This phenomenon will be discussed later in this course.

Завдання

Swipe to start coding

You need to create a Student structure and dynamically allocate memory for it using the malloc() function.
Your task is to initialize the structure with sample values and return a pointer to it.

Inside the createStudent function:

Use malloc() to allocate memory for one Student structure.
Check if the allocation was successful (if not, return NULL).
Assign a default name using sprintf() — for example, "Alice Johnson".
Assign a value for age, such as 21.
Assign a value for gpa, such as 3.85.
Return the pointer to the allocated structure.

In the main function:

Use the free() function to release the allocated memory after use.

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Suggested prompts:

Can you explain how to free dynamically allocated memory in C?

What happens if I forget to free memory allocated with malloc()?

Can you show an example of allocating memory for a structure with int and char fields?

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