Levels and Curves (Adjusting Light and Color)

There are a lot of ways to adjust the light and color of an image. But the most common method, and perhaps the simplest, is using the Levels adjustments or the Curves adjustments.

But before we get there, let's first understand what a Histogram is. A histogram is a graphical representation of the tonal values in an image. It displays the distribution of pixels in terms of their brightness levels. It consists of:

• A Horizontal Axis which represents the tonal range, from black (0) on the left to white (255) on the right (Pixel Brightness);
• A Vertical Axis: indicates the number of pixels at each brightness level.

In Photoshop there are two types of histograms:

• RGB Histogram shows the distribution of red, green, and blue channels combined;
• Individual Channel Histograms display the distribution for each color channel (Red, Green, Blue) separately.

So the histogram can give you an exposure assessment, which helps determine if an image is underexposed, overexposed, or properly exposed, a contrast adjustment which identifies if an image lacks contrast and needs adjustment, and some color correction information which aids in balancing colors by showing the distribution of each channel. It basically gives you a visual guide.

Now let's jump in to see how we can utilize both the levels and the curves adjustments.

Both Curves and Levels are essential for exposure and color adjustments, but Levels is more straightforward while Curves offers more detailed control.
But ultimately, the choice between Curves and Levels depends on your comfort and the specific needs of the editing task at hand.

Bonus tip: if you want to turn an image into black and white, you can choose "Black & White" when you create a new adjustment layer, and you can still use the Levels or curves along with it to adjust the contrast and exposure.