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C++ Data Types
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C++ Data Types

C++ Data Types

1. Introduction
OverviewArithmetic OperationsDivision int and doubleMath in C++Specifying a Type
2. Numerical Data Types
IntegersUsing IntegersType modifierFloatDoubleNumerical Data Types Summary
3. Text Data Type
CharStringIndexing a StringWorking With StringChanging The String PracticeFinding Text in a StringStrings in Memory
4. Other Data Types and Concepts
BooleanBoolean ExpressionsVoidAuto UnsignedImplicit Type ConversionExplicit Type Conversion

bookAuto

Although C++ is a typed language, you can use auto when initializing a variable to determine the type automatically. This feature was introduced in C++14 and does not work with older versions.
Here is an example:

cpp

main

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#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    auto num = 9;
    auto str = "I am string";
    
    std::cout << num << std::endl;
    std::cout << str << std::endl;
}

Note that it is harder to catch errors when using auto. Consider the example:

cpp

main

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#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    auto num1 = 9;
    auto num2 = 12;
    auto num3 = 15000;
    auto calculations = num1 / num2 * num3;
    
    std::cout << calculations;
}

Specifying types would help us understand code better and find what's wrong:

cpp

main

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1234567891011

            
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    float num1 = 9;
    float num2 = 12;
    float num3 = 15000;
    float calculations = num1 / num2 * num3;
    
    std::cout << calculations;
}

Note

Any of num1, num2 or num3 should be float to output the correct result.

Nevertheless, auto is widely used in range-based for loops since it is a versatile method of iterating over arrays and other containers. Just use the following syntax for iterating over arr:

cpp

main

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123456789

            
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    int num_arr[5] = {1, 5, 10, 15, 20};
    
    for (auto num : num_arr)
        std::cout << num << " ";
}

It also can be used when the type is long to type but is clear from the context and can't lead to incorrect results.

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