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C Basics
C Basics
Switch, Break
Using the switch Statement
Imagine you're buying a soda from a vending machine. After you select your desired drink, deep within the vending machine's computer, the user_input
variable takes on one of several predefined values. Each of these options is termed a case
, and this is where the switch
statement comes into play.
Think of the switch
statement as another version of the if-else
statement. It acts in response to specific values you've previously defined.
Here's how the structure of a switch
statement looks:
Let's consider a vending machine example. Suppose there are three buttons to select different types of chips:
- Cheese-flavored chips;
- Bacon-flavored chips;
- Chili-flavored chips.
Main
#include <stdio.h> int main() { int userInput = 2; switch (userInput) { case 1: printf("You selected cheese-flavored chips.\n"); break; case 2: printf("You selected bacon-flavored chips.\n"); break; case 3: printf("You selected chili-flavored chips.\n"); break; default: printf("You selected another item.\n"); } return 0; }
If the tested expression doesn't match any of the listed cases, the default
case is executed. If there's no default
case provided, the program simply continues its flow.
Note
The tested expression in a
switch
statement can only be of integer orchar
type. You can't use variables, strings, or non-integer data types as cases.
Main
#include <stdio.h> int main() { char userInput = 'y'; switch (userInput) { case 'a': printf("You entered 'a' character\n"); break; case 'b': printf("You entered 'b' character\n"); break; case 'c': printf("You entered 'c' character\n"); break; default: printf("You entered unknown character\n"); } return 0; }
The Role of break
The break
command stops the current block's execution and moves on to the next segment of code. Essentially, once the relevant case is complete, you exit that block and continue with your program.
Without the break
command, the switch
statement would run continuously, and you'd likely end up with unintended results.
Main
#include <stdio.h> int main() { char userInput = 'b'; switch (userInput) { case 'a': printf("You entered 'a' character\n"); // without break case 'b': printf("You entered 'b' character\n"); // without break case 'c': printf("You entered 'c' character\n"); // without break default: printf("You entered unknown character\n"); } return 0; }
In the absence of the break
command, the program starts executing immediately after finding a matching case and continues until it finds a break or reaches the end of the switch.
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