Lära Customizing Plot Aesthetics and Themes | Getting Started with Data Visualization in R

When you create a plot, the way it looks can have a big impact on how easily others understand your message. Plot aesthetics such as color, shape, and size help you highlight differences, show patterns, and make your visualizations more engaging. By adjusting these elements, you can direct attention to important details, clarify groupings, and make your plots more informative and visually appealing.


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library(ggplot2)
ggplot(iris, aes(x = Sepal.Length, y = Sepal.Width, color = Species)) +
  geom_point()

In the code above, the color aesthetic is mapped to the Species variable. This means each species in the iris dataset gets a unique color, making it easy to distinguish between the groups on the scatter plot. Mapping color to a categorical variable is a powerful way to separate groups visually, especially when working with complex or overlapping data.


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ggplot(iris, aes(x = Sepal.Length, y = Sepal.Width, color = Species)) +
  geom_point() +
  theme_minimal() +
  labs(title = "Iris Sepal Dimensions by Species",
       x = "Sepal Length",
       y = "Sepal Width",
       color = "Species")

Themes in ggplot2 control the overall look of your plot, including background color, grid lines, and font styles. Choosing an appropriate theme can make your plots easier to read and give them a more polished, professional appearance. Customizing titles and labels further improves clarity, helping viewers quickly understand what your plot shows.

Note

Popular ggplot2 themes include theme_gray (default), theme_bw, theme_minimal, theme_classic, and theme_void. Use theme_bw for clear backgrounds, theme_minimal for a clean look, and theme_classic for traditional plots. Choose a theme that matches your audience and the context of your report.

1. What does the 'color' aesthetic control in a ggplot2 plot?

2. How can themes improve the clarity of your visualizations?

3. To change the point shape in a scatter plot, use the ______ aesthetic.

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Suggested prompts:

Can you explain how to change the shape or size of the points in the plot?

What other themes are available in ggplot2 besides theme_minimal?

How can I customize the legend or add annotations to the plot?

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              123
            
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(iris, aes(x = Sepal.Length, y = Sepal.Width, color = Species)) +
  geom_point()