Nested Structs
In addition to the basic primitive data types such as int or char, arrays and pointers, you can use other structures as members within your structure.
Several methods can be used:
- Declare and define the
NestedStructstructure inside theOuterStructstructure (embedded nested struct);
struct OuterStruct
{
<fields>;
struct NestedStruct
{
<fields>
}nested;
};
- Declare the
NestedStructstructure separately from theOuterStructstructure, create an instance of theNestedStructstructure inside theOuterStructstructure (separate nested struct).
struct NestedStruct
{
<fields>;
};
struct OuterStruct
{
<fields>
struct NestedStruct nested;
};
The difference is that when a nested structure is declared separately, that structure can be used in many other structures.
If an instance of a nested structure was created outside of an external structure, then the structure will not be nested.
struct OuterStruct {
int outer_field;
struct NestedStruct {
int nested_field;
};
};
struct OuterStruct outer_struct;
struct NestedStruct inner_struct; // not nested struct
You can access the fields of a nested structure directly through the "." operator or through a pointer and the -> operator.
An example of using nested structures:
main.c
#include <stdio.h> // structure for address struct Address { char street[50]; char city[50]; char index[10]; }; // structure for person struct Person { char name[50]; int age; struct Address address; // nested structure }; int main() { // initialization of Person structure struct Person person = { "Sherlock Holmes", 27, {"Baker Street", "London", "221B"} }; // display information about the person and his address printf("Name: %s\n", person.name); printf("Age: %d\n", person.age); printf("Address: %s, %s, %s\n", person.address.index, person.address.street, person.address.city); return 0; }
Uppgift
Swipe to start coding
- Define a nested structure
education; - Create an instance of the
Studentstructure; - Display the student's name and age;
- Display information about the student’s education.
Lösning
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