Aprenda Struct with Arrays and Other Structs

In some structures, it becomes necessary to use an array of nested structures when one object contains multiple related sub-objects. For example, if a student can take several courses, it makes sense to represent the courses as an array of structures inside the Student structure.

Example syntax:

OuterStruct.NestedStruct[1].NestedField;

To access an element of the nested structure array, you first refer to the outer structure, then use an index to select the desired element of the array, and finally access a specific field of that element.

Practical Example

Imagine each student has a name, age, and a set of courses. Each course contains its title, instructor, and number of credits.

main.c


              12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152
            
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

struct Course {
    char name[50];
    char instructor[50];
    int credits;
};

struct Student {
    char name[50];
    int age;
    struct Course courses[3]; // array of nested structures
};

int main() {
    struct Student student;

    // Initialize student
    strcpy(student.name, "Alice Johnson");
    student.age = 20;

    // Initialize courses
    strcpy(student.courses[0].name, "Mathematics");
    strcpy(student.courses[0].instructor, "Dr. Smith");
    student.courses[0].credits = 4;

    strcpy(student.courses[1].name, "Computer Science");
    strcpy(student.courses[1].instructor, "Prof. Brown");
    student.courses[1].credits = 3;

    strcpy(student.courses[2].name, "History");
    strcpy(student.courses[2].instructor, "Dr. Green");
    student.courses[2].credits = 2;

    // Display information
    printf("Student: %s\n", student.name);
    printf("Age: %d\n", student.age);
    printf("Courses:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        printf("  Course %d: %s, Instructor: %s, Credits: %d\n",
               i + 1,
               student.courses[i].name,
               student.courses[i].instructor,
               student.courses[i].credits);
    }

    // Example of accessing a specific nested field
    printf("\nInstructor of the second course: %s\n", student.courses[1].instructor);

    return 0;
}

In this example, the Student structure has a courses array with three elements of type Course. Each course has its own title, instructor, and number of credits. To access a specific course, use the array index and dot operator: student.courses[1].instructor.

Using arrays of nested structures is useful for representing objects with repeated sub-objects, such as students with courses, stores with products, or books with authors.

Tarefa

Swipe to start coding

In the Course structure, declare an array courseName, which will contain the name of the course;
In the Student structure, declare an array studentName to store the student's name.
In the Student structure, initialize the courses array, consisting of two nested Course structures.
Use a loop to display course information.

Solução

Tudo estava claro?

Obrigado pelo seu feedback!

Seção 4. Capítulo 2

single

Pergunte à IA

Pergunte o que quiser ou experimente uma das perguntas sugeridas para iniciar nosso bate-papo

Suggested prompts:

Can you show me a code example of how to define these nested structures?

How do I access or modify a specific course for a student?

What are some other real-world scenarios where nested structure arrays are useful?

Awesome!

Completion rate improved to 4.35

Deslize para mostrar o menu