Aprenda Forms and POST Requests

When you need to send user-generated data to a backend, you often use a form in your Flutter app. Forms let users enter information, such as their name or email, which you then collect and send to an API. To send this data, you typically use a POST request, which creates or updates data on the server. Before sending, it is important to validate the input to ensure that only correct and expected data is transmitted. This prevents unnecessary errors and improves your app’s reliability.

main.dart


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import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
import 'dart:convert';

void main() => runApp(FormPostDemo());

class FormPostDemo extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: UserFormPage(),
    );
  }
}

class UserFormPage extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _UserFormPageState createState() => _UserFormPageState();
}

class _UserFormPageState extends State<UserFormPage> {
  final _formKey = GlobalKey<FormState>();
  String _name = '';
  String _email = '';
  String? _errorMessage;
  bool _isSubmitting = false;

  Future<void> _submitForm() async {
    setState(() {
      _errorMessage = null;
      _isSubmitting = true;
    });

    if (_formKey.currentState!.validate()) {
      _formKey.currentState!.save();

      final response = await http.post(
        Uri.parse('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts'),
        headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
        body: json.encode({'name': _name, 'email': _email}),
      );

      if (response.statusCode == 201) {
        ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(
          SnackBar(content: Text('Form submitted successfully!')),
        );
      } else {
        setState(() {
          _errorMessage = 'Failed to submit. Please try again.';
        });
      }
    }

    setState(() {
      _isSubmitting = false;
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text('User Form')),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
        child: Form(
          key: _formKey,
          child: Column(
            children: [
              TextFormField(
                decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Name'),
                onSaved: (value) => _name = value ?? '',
                validator: (value) {
                  if (value == null || value.trim().isEmpty) {
                    return 'Name is required';
                  }
                  return null;
                },
              ),
              TextFormField(
                decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Email'),
                onSaved: (value) => _email = value ?? '',
                validator: (value) {
                  if (value == null || value.trim().isEmpty) {
                    return 'Email is required';
                  }
                  if (!RegExp(r'^[^@]+@[^@]+\.[^@]+').hasMatch(value)) {
                    return 'Enter a valid email';
                  }
                  return null;
                },
              ),
              SizedBox(height: 16),
              if (_errorMessage != null)
                Text(_errorMessage!, style: TextStyle(color: Colors.red)),
              SizedBox(height: 16),
              ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: _isSubmitting ? null : _submitForm,
                child: _isSubmitting
                    ? CircularProgressIndicator()
                    : Text('Submit'),
              ),
            ],
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

When you receive validation errors from an API, you should map them to the correct form fields so users know what to fix. In the code above, if the API returns an error, you display a message at the top of the form. For more precise feedback, you could parse the error response and show messages next to the specific fields that failed validation, helping users quickly correct their input.

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Seção 2. Capítulo 3

Pergunte à IA

Pergunte o que quiser ou experimente uma das perguntas sugeridas para iniciar nosso bate-papo

Deslize para mostrar o menu

main.dart


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import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;
import 'dart:convert';

void main() => runApp(FormPostDemo());

class FormPostDemo extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: UserFormPage(),
    );
  }
}

class UserFormPage extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _UserFormPageState createState() => _UserFormPageState();
}

class _UserFormPageState extends State<UserFormPage> {
  final _formKey = GlobalKey<FormState>();
  String _name = '';
  String _email = '';
  String? _errorMessage;
  bool _isSubmitting = false;

  Future<void> _submitForm() async {
    setState(() {
      _errorMessage = null;
      _isSubmitting = true;
    });

    if (_formKey.currentState!.validate()) {
      _formKey.currentState!.save();

      final response = await http.post(
        Uri.parse('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts'),
        headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
        body: json.encode({'name': _name, 'email': _email}),
      );

      if (response.statusCode == 201) {
        ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(
          SnackBar(content: Text('Form submitted successfully!')),
        );
      } else {
        setState(() {
          _errorMessage = 'Failed to submit. Please try again.';
        });
      }
    }

    setState(() {
      _isSubmitting = false;
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text('User Form')),
      body: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
        child: Form(
          key: _formKey,
          child: Column(
            children: [
              TextFormField(
                decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Name'),
                onSaved: (value) => _name = value ?? '',
                validator: (value) {
                  if (value == null || value.trim().isEmpty) {
                    return 'Name is required';
                  }
                  return null;
                },
              ),
              TextFormField(
                decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Email'),
                onSaved: (value) => _email = value ?? '',
                validator: (value) {
                  if (value == null || value.trim().isEmpty) {
                    return 'Email is required';
                  }
                  if (!RegExp(r'^[^@]+@[^@]+\.[^@]+').hasMatch(value)) {
                    return 'Enter a valid email';
                  }
                  return null;
                },
              ),
              SizedBox(height: 16),
              if (_errorMessage != null)
                Text(_errorMessage!, style: TextStyle(color: Colors.red)),
              SizedBox(height: 16),
              ElevatedButton(
                onPressed: _isSubmitting ? null : _submitForm,
                child: _isSubmitting
                    ? CircularProgressIndicator()
                    : Text('Submit'),
              ),
            ],
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

Tudo estava claro?

Obrigado pelo seu feedback!

Seção 2. Capítulo 3