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R Introduction: Part I
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R Introduction: Part I

R Introduction: Part I

1. Basic Syntax and Operations
Why R?Basic ArithmeticUsing the print() Function Comments in RInteger Division and RemaindersExponentiationcat() FunctionVariablesRevenue CalculationAssignment Operators
2. Basic Data Types and Vectors
Data TypesNumbersType ConversionLogical TypesVectorsLabeling VectorsIndexing in VectorsModifying VectorsDeleting Elements from VectorsArithmetic Operations with Vectors
3. Factors
What is a Factor?Indexing in FactorsLevelsCounting ValuesGrouping Numeric DataGrades Summary

Type Conversion

Indeed, while you can directly create integers in R by appending L to a number, converting existing values to integers requires a different approach. Simply appending L will cause an error, as demonstrated in the example below:


              
123

            
# Some number
num <- 20
numL # Trying using L for converting
copy

Certainly, that did not achieve the intended result.

Luckily, R simplifies the conversion process with straightforward functions like as.double(), as.integer(), and as.complex(). The function names are quite self-explanatory!

Numerical types follow a sort of 'hierarchy' where each integer can be converted to a double or a complex number, and each double can become a complex number. However, converting a double to an integer will result in truncation, not rounding, of the number to its integer component.

Give these functions a try!

Tarefa

  1. Convert the number 9.85 to an integer.
  2. Convert the integer 42, created with L, to a double.

Tarefa

  1. Convert the number 9.85 to an integer.
  2. Convert the integer 42, created with L, to a double.

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Tudo estava claro?

Seção 2. Capítulo 3
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Type Conversion

Indeed, while you can directly create integers in R by appending L to a number, converting existing values to integers requires a different approach. Simply appending L will cause an error, as demonstrated in the example below:


              
123

            
# Some number
num <- 20
numL # Trying using L for converting
copy

Certainly, that did not achieve the intended result.

Luckily, R simplifies the conversion process with straightforward functions like as.double(), as.integer(), and as.complex(). The function names are quite self-explanatory!

Numerical types follow a sort of 'hierarchy' where each integer can be converted to a double or a complex number, and each double can become a complex number. However, converting a double to an integer will result in truncation, not rounding, of the number to its integer component.

Give these functions a try!

Tarefa

  1. Convert the number 9.85 to an integer.
  2. Convert the integer 42, created with L, to a double.

Tarefa

  1. Convert the number 9.85 to an integer.
  2. Convert the integer 42, created with L, to a double.

Mude para o desktop para praticar no mundo realContinue de onde você está usando uma das opções abaixo

Tudo estava claro?

Seção 2. Capítulo 3
toggle bottom row

Type Conversion

Indeed, while you can directly create integers in R by appending L to a number, converting existing values to integers requires a different approach. Simply appending L will cause an error, as demonstrated in the example below:


              
123

            
# Some number
num <- 20
numL # Trying using L for converting
copy

Certainly, that did not achieve the intended result.

Luckily, R simplifies the conversion process with straightforward functions like as.double(), as.integer(), and as.complex(). The function names are quite self-explanatory!

Numerical types follow a sort of 'hierarchy' where each integer can be converted to a double or a complex number, and each double can become a complex number. However, converting a double to an integer will result in truncation, not rounding, of the number to its integer component.

Give these functions a try!

Tarefa

  1. Convert the number 9.85 to an integer.
  2. Convert the integer 42, created with L, to a double.

Tarefa

  1. Convert the number 9.85 to an integer.
  2. Convert the integer 42, created with L, to a double.

Mude para o desktop para praticar no mundo realContinue de onde você está usando uma das opções abaixo

Tudo estava claro?

Indeed, while you can directly create integers in R by appending L to a number, converting existing values to integers requires a different approach. Simply appending L will cause an error, as demonstrated in the example below:


              
123

            
# Some number
num <- 20
numL # Trying using L for converting
copy

Certainly, that did not achieve the intended result.

Luckily, R simplifies the conversion process with straightforward functions like as.double(), as.integer(), and as.complex(). The function names are quite self-explanatory!

Numerical types follow a sort of 'hierarchy' where each integer can be converted to a double or a complex number, and each double can become a complex number. However, converting a double to an integer will result in truncation, not rounding, of the number to its integer component.

Give these functions a try!

Tarefa

  1. Convert the number 9.85 to an integer.
  2. Convert the integer 42, created with L, to a double.

Mude para o desktop para praticar no mundo realContinue de onde você está usando uma das opções abaixo
Seção 2. Capítulo 3
Mude para o desktop para praticar no mundo realContinue de onde você está usando uma das opções abaixo
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