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C Structs

bookNested Structs

In addition to the basic primitive data types such as int or char, arrays and pointers, you can use other structures as members within your structure.

Several methods can be used:

  • Declare and define the NestedStruct structure inside the OuterStruct structure (embedded nested struct);
struct OuterStruct 
{
    <fields>;
    struct NestedStruct 
    {
        <fields>
    }nested;
};
  • Declare the NestedStruct structure separately from the OuterStruct structure, create an instance of the NestedStruct structure inside the OuterStruct structure (separate nested struct).
struct NestedStruct 
{
    <fields>;
};

struct OuterStruct 
{
        <fields>
        struct NestedStruct nested;
};

The difference is that when a nested structure is declared separately, that structure can be used in many other structures.

If an instance of a nested structure was created outside of an external structure, then the structure will not be nested.

struct OuterStruct {
    int outer_field;

    struct NestedStruct {
        int nested_field;
    };
};
     struct OuterStruct outer_struct;
     struct NestedStruct inner_struct; // not nested struct

You can access the fields of a nested structure directly through the "." operator or through a pointer and the -> operator.

An example of using nested structures:

main.c

main.c

copy

              
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627

            
#include <stdio.h>

// structure for address
struct Address {
    char street[50];
    char city[50];
    char index[10];
};

// structure for person
struct Person {
    char name[50];
    int age;
    struct Address address; // nested structure
};

int main() {
    // initialization of Person structure
    struct Person person = { "Sherlock Holmes", 27, {"Baker Street", "London", "221B"} };

    // display information about the person and his address
    printf("Name: %s\n", person.name);
    printf("Age: %d\n", person.age);
    printf("Address: %s, %s, %s\n", person.address.index, person.address.street, person.address.city);

    return 0;
}
Taak

Swipe to start coding

  1. Define a nested structure education;
  2. Create an instance of the Student structure;
  3. Display the student's name and age;
  4. Display information about the student’s education.

Oplossing

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bookNested Structs

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In addition to the basic primitive data types such as int or char, arrays and pointers, you can use other structures as members within your structure.

Several methods can be used:

  • Declare and define the NestedStruct structure inside the OuterStruct structure (embedded nested struct);
struct OuterStruct 
{
    <fields>;
    struct NestedStruct 
    {
        <fields>
    }nested;
};
  • Declare the NestedStruct structure separately from the OuterStruct structure, create an instance of the NestedStruct structure inside the OuterStruct structure (separate nested struct).
struct NestedStruct 
{
    <fields>;
};

struct OuterStruct 
{
        <fields>
        struct NestedStruct nested;
};

The difference is that when a nested structure is declared separately, that structure can be used in many other structures.

If an instance of a nested structure was created outside of an external structure, then the structure will not be nested.

struct OuterStruct {
    int outer_field;

    struct NestedStruct {
        int nested_field;
    };
};
     struct OuterStruct outer_struct;
     struct NestedStruct inner_struct; // not nested struct

You can access the fields of a nested structure directly through the "." operator or through a pointer and the -> operator.

An example of using nested structures:

main.c

main.c

copy

              
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627

            
#include <stdio.h>

// structure for address
struct Address {
    char street[50];
    char city[50];
    char index[10];
};

// structure for person
struct Person {
    char name[50];
    int age;
    struct Address address; // nested structure
};

int main() {
    // initialization of Person structure
    struct Person person = { "Sherlock Holmes", 27, {"Baker Street", "London", "221B"} };

    // display information about the person and his address
    printf("Name: %s\n", person.name);
    printf("Age: %d\n", person.age);
    printf("Address: %s, %s, %s\n", person.address.index, person.address.street, person.address.city);

    return 0;
}
Taak

Swipe to start coding

  1. Define a nested structure education;
  2. Create an instance of the Student structure;
  3. Display the student's name and age;
  4. Display information about the student’s education.

Oplossing

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Was alles duidelijk?

Hoe kunnen we het verbeteren?

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