Numbers and Arithmetic
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12345678910111213141516171819202122232425# Basic arithmetic operations with integers and floats x = 10 # integer y = 3 # integer a = 5.5 # float b = 2.0 # float # Addition sum_result = x + a print('Addition:', sum_result) # 10 + 5.5 # Subtraction sub_result = y - b print('Subtraction:', sub_result) # 3 - 2.0 # Multiplication mul_result = x * y print('Multiplication:', mul_result) # 10 * 3 # Division div_result = x / y print('Division:', div_result) # 10 / 3 # Exponentiation exp_result = y ** 2 print('Exponentiation:', exp_result) # 3^2
Integers vs. Floats in Python
In Python, integers and floats are two different types of numbers:
-
Integers (
int): These are whole numbers without any decimal point. Examples include-3,0,42, and100000. Integers can be positive, negative, or zero. -
Floats (
float): These are numbers that contain a decimal point. Examples include3.14,0.0,-2.5, and1.0. Floats are used when you need to represent fractional values or perform calculations that require more precision.
Key differences:
-
Integers do not have a decimal part, while floats always have a decimal point (even if the number is a whole number, like
1.0). -
Arithmetic operations involving an integer and a float will usually result in a float, to preserve any decimal information.
-
Example:
a = 5 # integer b = 2.0 # float result = a / b print(result) # Output: 2.5 (float)
Understanding the distinction between these two types is important for writing accurate and efficient Python code.
In Python, using / always performs float division, even if both numbers are integers (e.g., 5 / 2 results in 2.5). If you need integer division (discarding the remainder), use the // operator (e.g., 5 // 2 results in 2). Forgetting this difference can cause unexpected results, especially when working with loops or indexes. Always choose the correct operator for your intended outcome!
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