Summary  
This chapter explains how to dynamically add new key-value pairs to a dictionary and update existing values by assigning to dictionary keys.

General domain of usage  
Book cataloging systems

Dictionaries are dynamic, meaning you can **add**, **update**, or **remove** items after the dictionary has been created. Let's explore how to add new items to a dictionary.

Start with creating a dictionary called `book` with some initial details:

book = {"title": "Pride and Prejudice", "author": "Jane Austen", "year": 1813}
print(book)

To make our dictionary more complete, we can add a new key-value pair to it. For example, we might want to add the `genre` of the book:

book = {"title": "Pride and Prejudice", "author": "Jane Austen", "year": 1813}

book["genre"] = "Romance"
print(book)

After adding the new key-value pair, the dictionary now includes:

## Updating an Existing Key-Value Pair
If you need to update the value of an existing key, you can do so by reassigning a new value to that key. For example, let's assume the book's publication year was corrected to `1815`:

book = {"title": "Pride and Prejudice", "author": "Jane Austen", "year": 1813, "genre": "Romance"}

book["year"] = 1815
print(book)

Single `' '` and double `" "` quotes in Python are interchangeable and equivalent.

Note

import unittest
import importlib

def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    """
    A reusable function for handling assertions dynamically.
    """
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)

class TestUserCode(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_authors_books_is_declared(self):
        """
        Test to ensure `authors_books` is declared.
        """
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'authors_books'),
            "The `authors_books` dictionary is declared.",
            "Expected `authors_books` to be declared."
        )

    def test_authors_books_is_dict(self):
        """
        Test to ensure `authors_books` is of type dictionary.
        """
        import user_code
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            isinstance(user_code.authors_books, dict),
            "The `authors_books` is of type `dict`.",
            "Expected `authors_books` to be of type `dict`."
        )
    
    def test_new_author_added(self):
        """
        Test to ensure the new author is added to `authors_books`.
        """
        import user_code
        expected_author = "F. Scott Fitzgerald"
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            expected_author in user_code.authors_books,
            "The new author `F. Scott Fitzgerald` is added to `authors_books`.",
            "Expected `F. Scott Fitzgerald` to be added to `authors_books`."
        )

    def test_new_author_books_are_list(self):
        """
        Test to ensure the books of the new author are stored as a list.
        """
        import user_code
        expected_author = "F. Scott Fitzgerald"
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            isinstance(user_code.authors_books.get(expected_author, []), list),
            "The books for `F. Scott Fitzgerald` are stored as a list.",
            "Expected books for `F. Scott Fitzgerald` to be stored as a list."
        )
    
    def test_new_author_books_correct(self):
        """
        Test to ensure the books of the new author match expected values.
        """
        import user_code
        expected_author = "F. Scott Fitzgerald"
        expected_books = [
            "The Great Gatsby", "Tender Is the Night", "This Side of Paradise", 
            "The Beautiful and Damned", "The Last Tycoon"
        ]
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            set(user_code.authors_books.get(expected_author, [])) == set(expected_books),
            "The books for `F. Scott Fitzgerald` are correctly added.",
            f"Expected books for `F. Scott Fitzgerald` to be {expected_books}, but got {user_code.authors_books.get(expected_author, [])}."
        )
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

test_main.py

Utforsk de grunnleggende datastrukturene i programmeringsspråket Python, inkludert lister, ordbøker, tupler og mengder, og lær hvordan de kan brukes effektivt for å løse virkelige programmeringsutfordringer.

Hva er en liste? En liste er en ordnet samling som kan endres. Den tillater også dupliserte elementer.

Hva er en ordbok? En ordbok er en ordnet samling som kan endres, men den tillater ikke dupliserte oppføringer. Den består av `key:value`-par, som brukes til å optimalisere strukturen.

Hva er en tuple? En tuple er en ordnet samling som ikke kan endres. Den kan ha dupliserte elementer. Selv om den ligner på en liste, kan verdiene i en tuple være av hvilken som helst type og er indeksert med heltall. Selv om det ikke er obligatorisk, er det vanlig å omslutte verdiene i en tuple med parenteser, noe som gjør dem lettere å forstå i Python.

Hva er et sett? I Python er et `set` en uordnet samling som er både `iterable` og `mutable`, uten gjentatte elementer. Selv om rekkefølgen av elementer i et sett ikke er fast, kan det inkludere en rekke elementer. En viktig fordel med å bruke sett over lister er deres svært effektive metode for å avgjøre om et element eksisterer innenfor settet.

Adding Items to a Dictionary: Updating Key-Value Pairs

Updating an Existing Key-Value Pair

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