Lære Traits for Code Reuse | OOP Principles and Advanced Features

Traits for Code Reuse

Traits in PHP are a powerful tool that help you reuse methods and properties across multiple classes without using inheritance. A trait is like a reusable set of methods that you can "plug in" to any class. This lets you share common functionality without forcing a class to become part of a rigid inheritance chain.

To define a trait, use the trait keyword:

trait Logger {
    public function log($message) {
        echo "Log: $message";
    }
}

To use a trait inside a class, use the use keyword:

class User {
    use Logger;

    public $name;

    public function __construct($name) {
        $this->name = $name;
    }
}

$user = new User("Alice");
$user->log("User created."); // Output: Log: User created.

Traits provide a flexible way to organize your code, making it easier to manage large projects with many classes.

Code Example

Below, you will see an example of a trait in PHP that allows multiple classes to share the same method without using inheritance.

traits_example.php


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<?php
// Define a trait with a reusable method
trait Logger {
    public function log($message) {
        echo "[LOG]: " . $message . "\n";
    }
}

// First class using the Logger trait
class User {
    use Logger; // Reuse log() from Logger trait
    
    public function createUser($name) {
        // Simulate user creation
        $this->log("User '$name' created.");
    }
}

// Second class using the Logger trait
class Product {
    use Logger; // Reuse log() from Logger trait
    
    public function addProduct($productName) {
        // Simulate product addition
        $this->log("Product '$productName' added.");
    }
}

// Create instances and use the shared log method
$user = new User();
$user->createUser("Alice");

$product = new Product();
$product->addProduct("Laptop");

This example demonstrates a Logger trait that provides a log() method. Both the User and Product classes use the Logger trait via the use keyword. This allows them to call the log() method directly, even though they do not inherit from the same parent class. The trait helps reuse code across unrelated classes, keeping your code DRY and organized.

When we create objects of User and Product, we can use the shared log() method to display messages specific to each class.

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