Great job mastering **variables**, **data types**, **slicing**, and **concatenation**! 

Now, let's apply your new skills to a realistic scenario involving organizing new grocery store inventory.

import unittest
import sys
from io import StringIO
from contextlib import redirect_stdout
import importlib
import inspect
import re
import user_code


def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)


def strip_comments_from_source(module):
    try:
        source = inspect.getsource(module)
        lines = source.split('\\n')
        cleaned = []
        for line in lines:
            stripped = line.strip()
            if stripped.startswith('#'):
                continue 
            if '#' in line:
                line = line.split('#')[0]  
            if line.strip():  
                cleaned.append(line)
        return '\\n'.join(cleaned)
    except Exception as e:
        return ""

class TestUserCode(unittest.TestCase):
    def normalize_text(self, text):
        text = text.lower()
        text = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', text)
        return text.strip()

    def test_candy1_declared_and_correct(self):
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'candy1') and self.normalize_text(user_code.candy1) == self.normalize_text("Bubblegum"),
            "candy1 is declared and equals 'Bubblegum'",
            f"Expected candy1 to be 'Bubblegum', but got '{getattr(user_code, 'candy1', None)}'"
        )

    def test_candy1_slicing_used(self):
        try:
            source = strip_comments_from_source(user_code)
            _dynamic_test(
                self,
                re.search(r'candy1\s*=\s*items\s*\[.*\]', source),
                "candy1 is sliced from items string",
                "Expected candy1 to be assigned using slicing from 'items'"
            )
        except Exception as e:
            self.fail(f"Could not retrieve source code: {e}")

    def test_candy2_declared_and_correct(self):
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'candy2') and self.normalize_text(user_code.candy2) == self.normalize_text("Chocolate"),
            "candy2 is declared and equals 'Chocolate'",
            f"Expected candy2 to be 'Chocolate', but got '{getattr(user_code, 'candy2', None)}'"
        )

    def test_candy2_slicing_used(self):
        try:
            source = strip_comments_from_source(user_code)
            _dynamic_test(
                self,
                re.search(r'candy2\s*=\s*items\s*\[.*\]', source),
                "candy2 is sliced from items string",
                "Expected candy2 to be assigned using slicing from 'items'"
            )
        except Exception as e:
            self.fail(f"Could not retrieve source code: {e}")

    def test_dry_goods_declared_and_correct(self):
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            hasattr(user_code, 'dry_goods') and self.normalize_text(user_code.dry_goods) == self.normalize_text("Pasta"),
            "dry_goods is declared and equals 'Pasta'",
            f"Expected dry_goods to be 'Pasta', but got '{getattr(user_code, 'dry_goods', None)}'"
        )

    def test_dry_goods_slicing_used(self):
        try:
            source = strip_comments_from_source(user_code)
            _dynamic_test(
                self,
                re.search(r'dry_goods\s*=\s*items\s*\[.*\]', source),
                "dry_goods is sliced from items string",
                "Expected dry_goods to be assigned using slicing from 'items'"
            )
        except Exception as e:
            self.fail(f"Could not retrieve source code: {e}")

    def test_print_bubblegum_statement(self):
        f = StringIO()
        with redirect_stdout(f):
            try:
                importlib.reload(user_code)
            except Exception as e:
                self.fail(f"Error when running user_code.py: {e}")
        output = self.normalize_text(f.getvalue())
        expected = self.normalize_text("We have Bubblegum for $1.50 in the Candy Aisle")
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            expected in output,
            "Bubblegum print statement is correct",
            f"Expected output to contain '{expected}'"
        )

    def test_print_chocolate_statement(self):
        f = StringIO()
        with redirect_stdout(f):
            try:
                importlib.reload(user_code)
            except Exception as e:
                self.fail(f"Error when running user_code.py: {e}")
        output = self.normalize_text(f.getvalue())
        expected = self.normalize_text("We have Chocolate for $2.00 in the Candy Aisle")
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            expected in output,
            "Chocolate print statement is correct",
            f"Expected output to contain '{expected}'"
        )

    def test_print_pasta_statement(self):
        f = StringIO()
        with redirect_stdout(f):
            try:
                importlib.reload(user_code)
            except Exception as e:
                self.fail(f"Error when running user_code.py: {e}")
        output = self.normalize_text(f.getvalue())
        expected = self.normalize_text("We have Pasta for $5.40 in the Pasta Aisle")
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            expected in output,
            "Pasta print statement is correct",
            f"Expected output to contain '{expected}'"
        )

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

test_main.py

Python is a high-level, interpreted, general-purpose programming
language. Distinguished from languages such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, which are mainly
utilized in web development, Python boasts versatility across multiple domains, including
software development, data science, and back-end development. This course will guide you
through Python's fundamental concepts, equipping you with the skills to create your own
functions by the conclusion of the program.

In this section, you will explore the fundamentals of Python, get acquainted
with your workspace, perform simple math operations, and display your findings.

In this section, you'll discover how to save items such as numbers and text
in computer memory and retrieve them by name. Additionally, you'll gain an introduction to text
manipulation in Python.

In this section, you'll explore the boolean data type and learn how it is used
to develop programs that react to certain conditions.

In this section, you will continue learning about data types and discover
how to organize various attributes in a single variable using lists, tuples, and dictionaries.

In this section, you'll learn how to create loops in Python — an essential skill
for iterating through lists, tuples, and dictionaries.

To conclude this introductory course, you will explore some built-in
functions and then begin to develop your own!

Which of these is a correct way to create a variable?

Given the string `"Banana"`, which code retrieves its first character?

What will be the output of the following code?

Challenge: Inventory Sorting Capstone

Output Requirements

解答