Summary
This chapter explains how to return multiple objects from a function by packing them into a list or tuple or by returning them directly as comma-separated values and unpacking them into separate variables.

General domain of usage
data processing

Sometimes you need to return **multiple objects** from a function. You can do this in two ways:

### Using a List or Tuple

Create a list or tuple that contains all required objects inside the function and return it as the function's result.


# Define a function
def return_multiple_objects():
    obj1 = 'Hello'
    obj2 = 42
    obj3 = [1, 2, 3]
	# Return all objects packed into list
    return [obj1, obj2, obj3]
  
# Get the list with corresponding objects
result_list = return_multiple_objects()
for obj in result_list:
	print(obj)

You created three different objects inside the function and returned a list containing them as the function's output. Then, you iterated through this list to access each object.

### Using Multiple Return Values
You can directly return multiple values separated by commas. When function is called, the results are captured in separate variables.

def return_multiple_objects():
    obj1 = "Hello"
    obj2 = 42
    obj3 = [1, 2, 3]
	# Return objects separated by comma
    return obj1, obj2, obj3

# Get the result of the function into three different values
result1, result2, result3 = return_multiple_objects()
print(result1, result2, result3)

In the code above, you returned three variables separately. When using this approach, it is important to know the order in which the variables are returned to use them correctly in the code.


import unittest

def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)

class TestValidateRegistration(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_valid_input(self):
        """Checks that valid input passes validation."""
        import user_code
        try:
            result = user_code.validate_registration("JohnDoe", "john@example.com", "securePass")
            expected_output = (True, [])
            condition = result == expected_output
            failure_message = f"For input `('JohnDoe', 'john@example.com', 'securePass')`, expected `{expected_output}`, but got `{result}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The function `validate_registration` is not defined."
        _dynamic_test(self, condition, "The function correctly validates valid input.", failure_message)

    def test_short_username(self):
        """Checks that a username shorter than 3 characters returns an error."""
        import user_code
        try:
            result = user_code.validate_registration("jd", "john@example.com", "securePass")
            expected_output = (False, ["Username must be at least 3 characters long."])
            condition = result == expected_output
            failure_message = f"For input `('jd', 'john@example.com', 'securePass')`, expected `{expected_output}`, but got `{result}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The function `validate_registration` is not defined."
        _dynamic_test(self, condition, "The function correctly detects short usernames.", failure_message)

    def test_invalid_email(self):
        """Checks that an email without '@' returns an error."""
        import user_code
        try:
            result = user_code.validate_registration("JohnDoe", "johnexample.com", "securePass")
            expected_output = (False, ["Invalid email format."])
            condition = result == expected_output
            failure_message = f"For input `('JohnDoe', 'johnexample.com', 'securePass')`, expected `{expected_output}`, but got `{result}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The function `validate_registration` is not defined."
        _dynamic_test(self, condition, "The function correctly detects invalid email format.", failure_message)

    def test_short_password(self):
        """Checks that a password shorter than 6 characters returns an error."""
        import user_code
        try:
            result = user_code.validate_registration("JohnDoe", "john@example.com", "12345")
            expected_output = (False, ["Password must be at least 6 characters long."])
            condition = result == expected_output
            failure_message = f"For input `('JohnDoe', 'john@example.com', '12345')`, expected `{expected_output}`, but got `{result}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The function `validate_registration` is not defined."
        _dynamic_test(self, condition, "The function correctly detects short passwords.", failure_message)

    def test_multiple_errors(self):
        """Checks that multiple validation errors are returned correctly."""
        import user_code
        try:
            result = user_code.validate_registration("jd", "johnexample.com", "12345")
            expected_output = (False, [
                "Username must be at least 3 characters long.",
                "Invalid email format.",
                "Password must be at least 6 characters long."
            ])
            condition = result == expected_output
            failure_message = f"For input `('jd', 'johnexample.com', '12345')`, expected `{expected_output}`, but got `{result}`."
        except AttributeError:
            condition = False
            failure_message = "The function `validate_registration` is not defined."
        _dynamic_test(self, condition, "The function correctly handles multiple validation errors.", failure_message)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()


test_main.py

Gain a solid understanding of how functions shape Python programming. Master defining and calling functions, working with arguments, handling return values, and creating flexible, efficient code using recursion and lambda expressions.

Explore what functions are and why they're essential in Python. Learn how to create functions, define arguments, handle return values, and use built-in functions effectively.

Multiple Return Values in Python

Using a List or Tuple

Using Multiple Return Values

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