Impara Real-World Join Scenarios | Handling NULLs, Performance, and Real-World Join Scenarios

Imagine you are tasked with generating a comprehensive report for a school's administration. The goal is to list all students, the classes they belong to, their assigned teachers, and grades for each subject. This type of report helps identify which students are excelling, which classes might need additional support, and where there are gaps in student assignments or grading.


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SELECT
    s.student_id,
    s.name AS student_name,
    c.class_name,
    t.name AS teacher_name,
    g.subject,
    g.score
FROM
    students s
    LEFT JOIN classes c ON s.class_id = c.class_id
    LEFT JOIN teachers t ON c.teacher_id = t.teacher_id
    LEFT JOIN grades g ON s.student_id = g.student_id
ORDER BY
    s.student_id, g.subject;

This query uses multiple LEFT JOINs to bring together information from the students, classes, teachers, and grades tables. By starting with the students table and joining to classes, you ensure every student appears in the report, even if they are not assigned to a class (class_id is NULL). The subsequent join to teachers connects each class to its teacher, but if a class has no teacher, the teacher_name will be NULL. Finally, joining to grades brings in each student's subject and score, but if a student has no grades, those columns will also be NULL. This approach provides a full picture: you can spot students without classes or grades, classes without teachers, and see detailed grade distributions across all subjects. Such a report enables actionable insights, like identifying unassigned students or tracking academic performance by class and teacher.


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SELECT
    s.student_id,
    s.name AS student_name,
    c.class_name,
    g.subject,
    g.score
FROM
    students s
    LEFT JOIN classes c ON s.class_id = c.class_id
    LEFT JOIN grades g ON s.student_id = g.student_id
WHERE
    c.class_id IS NULL OR g.grade_id IS NULL
ORDER BY
    s.student_id;

1. Which join type is best for finding students without grades?

2. How can you combine multiple join types in a single query?

3. Fill in the blanks to complete the query that joins students, classes, and teachers to show each student's name, class, and teacher:

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Sezione 3. Capitolo 5

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Suggested prompts:

Can you explain how to interpret the results of the second query?

What are some ways to address students who appear without classes or grades?

How can I modify the queries to include additional student information, like contact details?

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