The Idea: Giving Objects Data and Behavior

To make your objects more useful, you add properties (data) and methods (behavior) to your classes. For example, a Car might have a color and a brand as its properties, and it might be able to drive, which is a method. This approach allows you to model real-world things and what they can do directly in your code.

Code Example: Adding Properties and Methods to a Class

Below, you will see how to define a Car class with properties and a method.

car.php


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<?php

class Car {
    public $color;
    public $brand;

    public function drive() {
        echo "The $this->color $this->brand is driving.";
    }
}

// Example usage:
$myCar = new Car();
$myCar->color = "red";
$myCar->brand = "Toyota";
$myCar->drive(); // Output: The red Toyota is driving.

The keyword class is used to declare a new class named Car. Inside it, two properties are defined with public $color; and public $brand;. The public keyword means these properties can be accessed from outside the class. The drive() method is declared with public function drive(), and inside it $this->color and $this->brand refer to the current object’s properties.

Below the class, a new object is created using new Car(). After that, its properties are assigned with the syntax $myCar->color = "red";. The arrow operator -> is used both to set properties and to call methods. Finally, calling $myCar->drive() executes the method defined inside the class.

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Sezione 1. Capitolo 3

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Suggested prompts:

Can you explain what the `$this` keyword does in the method?

What does the `public` keyword mean for properties and methods?

Can you show how to create multiple `Car` objects with different properties?

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