In most databases, the `id` column acts as a unique identifier, often referred to as a primary key, for each record. By selecting both the `id` and `name` columns, you can view the unique identifier linked to each country. This is crucial for associating records or when you need to reference specific entries in the database.

Definition

import unittest
import psycopg2
import pandas as pd

class TestTask(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        cls.connection = psycopg2.connect(
            host="localhost",
            user="agent",
            password="qwerty",
            dbname="testdb",
            sslmode="disable"
        )
        cls.cursor = cls.connection.cursor()

    def test_query_returns_id_and_name_columns(self):
        """Check that the query returns both 'id' and 'name' columns."""
        with open("query.sql", "r") as file:
            query = file.read()
        self.cursor.execute(query)
        columns = [desc[0].strip().lower() for desc in self.cursor.description]
        has_id = 'id' in columns
        has_name = 'name' in columns
        missing = []
        if not has_id:
            missing.append('id')
        if not has_name:
            missing.append('name')
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            has_id and has_name,
            "Query returns both 'id' and 'name' columns.",
            f"Query is missing columns: {', '.join(missing)}."
        )

    def test_query_uses_country_table(self):
        """Check that the query selects from the 'country' table."""
        with open("query.sql", "r") as file:
            query = file.read().lower().replace('\\n', ' ')
        uses_country = 'from country' in query
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            uses_country,
            "Query selects from the 'country' table.",
            "Query does not select from the 'country' table."
        )

    def test_query_returns_expected_rows(self):
        """Check that the query returns all expected (id, name) pairs from the country table."""
        with open("query.sql", "r") as file:
            query = file.read()
        # Reference solution to get expected rows
        self.cursor.execute("SELECT name, id FROM country")
        expected = set(self.cursor.fetchall())
        self.cursor.execute(query)
        result = set(self.cursor.fetchall())
        condition = expected == result
        if not condition:
            missing = expected - result
            extra = result - expected
            failure_msg = f"Some rows are missing in your query result, or the columns are in a different order."
        else:
            failure_msg = ""
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "Query returns all correct (name, id) pairs from the country table.",
            failure_msg
        )

    def test_query_syntax_valid(self):
        """Check that the query executes without syntax errors."""
        with open("query.sql", "r") as file:
            query = file.read()
        try:
            self.cursor.execute(query)
            _dynamic_test(
                self,
                True,
                "Query syntax is valid.",
                ""
            )
        except Exception as e:
            _dynamic_test(
                self,
                False,
                "",
                f"Query failed to execute due to syntax error: {e}"
            )

def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)

def normalize_text(text):
    text = text.lower()
    text = re.sub(r"\s{2,}", " ", text)
    text = re.sub(r"\s*([,:?])\s*", r"\1 ", text)
    return text.strip()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()


test_solution.py

Learn the core fundamentals of SQL and relational databases. Understand how databases store and organize data, write basic SQL queries, work with tables and perform essential operations. Build a strong foundation for working with databases in backend development.

Challenge: Find All Countries With Their IDs

Solution