Basic Arithmetic and Operator Precedence
You'll use arithmetic operators constantly in Python. This chapter focuses on the most common ones and how precedence determines evaluation order.
Main Operations
Addition (+)
Addition is used to sum two or more numbers.
1print(5 + 3) # output: 8
Subtraction (-)
Subtraction finds the difference between two numbers.
1print(10 - 4) # output: 6
Multiplication (*)
Multiplication calculates the product of two numbers.
1print(6 * 7) # output: 42
Division (/)
Division returns the quotient of two numbers.
1print(20 / 5) # output: 4.0
Exponentiation (**)
Exponentiation is used to raise a number to the power of another number. In Python, this is done using the ** operator.
1print(2 ** 3) # output: 8
Operator Precedence
When multiple operators appear, Python evaluates them in this order (highest → lowest among arithmetic):
**;- Unary
+and-(sign); *,/;+,-.
Parentheses always win and make intent explicit. Exponentiation ** is right-associative.
123456789print(2 + 3 * 4) # 14 (multiplication before addition) print((2 + 3) * 4) # 20 (parentheses change the order) # Exponentiation binds tighter than unary minus print(-3 ** 2) # -9 (equivalent to -(3 ** 2)) print((-3) ** 2) # 9 # Right-associative exponentiation print(2 ** 3 ** 2) # 512 (2 ** (3 ** 2))
- Prefer parentheses in anything nontrivial; readability > cleverness.
- Remember
/always yields a float (even if divisible).
1. What value will this code output?
2. Which expression evaluates to 64?
3. What value will this code output?
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You'll use arithmetic operators constantly in Python. This chapter focuses on the most common ones and how precedence determines evaluation order.
Main Operations
Addition (+)
Addition is used to sum two or more numbers.
1print(5 + 3) # output: 8
Subtraction (-)
Subtraction finds the difference between two numbers.
1print(10 - 4) # output: 6
Multiplication (*)
Multiplication calculates the product of two numbers.
1print(6 * 7) # output: 42
Division (/)
Division returns the quotient of two numbers.
1print(20 / 5) # output: 4.0
Exponentiation (**)
Exponentiation is used to raise a number to the power of another number. In Python, this is done using the ** operator.
1print(2 ** 3) # output: 8
Operator Precedence
When multiple operators appear, Python evaluates them in this order (highest → lowest among arithmetic):
**;- Unary
+and-(sign); *,/;+,-.
Parentheses always win and make intent explicit. Exponentiation ** is right-associative.
123456789print(2 + 3 * 4) # 14 (multiplication before addition) print((2 + 3) * 4) # 20 (parentheses change the order) # Exponentiation binds tighter than unary minus print(-3 ** 2) # -9 (equivalent to -(3 ** 2)) print((-3) ** 2) # 9 # Right-associative exponentiation print(2 ** 3 ** 2) # 512 (2 ** (3 ** 2))
- Prefer parentheses in anything nontrivial; readability > cleverness.
- Remember
/always yields a float (even if divisible).
1. What value will this code output?
2. Which expression evaluates to 64?
3. What value will this code output?
Bedankt voor je feedback!
