void incValue(int &x) {
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;x++;
}

int main() {
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;int x = 1;
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;incValue(x);
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cout << x; 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;return 0;
}

Here we change `x` as the function works with the address (reference) of this variable. It can be useful in case you need to change the value of the parameters.

What the main difference between passing by value and by reference?

If you want to improve your skills in C++ and already have basic knowledge of this popular programming language, then this course is for you. The next level of C++ training includes basic concepts of memory and functions in C++, defining and implementing references, pointers, and arrays. Discover standard libraries, useful topics, and dynamic memory with practical examples.

In this section, you will repeat datatypes and arrays, discovering the memory behind them.

Here you will learn what pointers and references are, where they can be used, and the difference between them.

In this section, you will explore dynamic memory features and how to apply them.

In the final section of our intermediate course, you will learn the basics of functions and then write some functions by yourself!

Pass by Reference

Pass by Reference