12345678910
            
# Converting different types of user input to integers
age_input = "  42  "
temperature_reading = 2.9
negative_balance = -2.9

print(int(age_input))            # 42 → clean string converted to int
print(int(temperature_reading))  # 2  → fractional part truncated
print(int(negative_balance))     # -2 → also truncates toward zero
print(int("7"))                  # 7  → string number becomes integer
print(int("   -15  "))           # -15 → handles spaces and sign

              
12
            
int("2.5")        # ValueError - not an integer string
int("42a")        # ValueError

              
12345678
            
# Converting numeric inputs for a shopping calculator
quantity = 3
price_str = "2.5"
discount_factor = "1e3"  # scientific notation for 1000

print(float(quantity))        # 3.0 → integer converted to float
print(float(price_str))       # 2.5 → string price converted to float
print(float(discount_factor)) # 1000.0 → converts from scientific notation

              
1
            
float("2,5")   # ValueError - use a dot, not a comma

              
12345678910
            
# Formatting a student's exam result
student_age = 42
average_score = 3.5

print(str(student_age))       # "42" → number converted to string
print(str(average_score))     # "3.5" → float converted to string

student_name, final_score = "Ada", 98
report_message = f"{student_name} scored {final_score} points on the exam."
print(report_message)

              
123456789101112
            
# Checking how different user inputs behave as boolean values
login_attempts = 0
notifications = 7
username = ""
user_id = "0"
status = "False"

print(bool(login_attempts))  # False → 0 means no attempts yet
print(bool(notifications))   # True  → non-zero means new notifications
print(bool(username))        # False → empty string means no username entered
print(bool(user_id))         # True  → any non-empty string is truthy
print(bool(status))          # True  → text "False" is still a non-empty string