Lære Binary Numbers and Integer Storage | Binary Representation and Two’s Complement

Forudsætninger

C Basics

Definition

Binary is a base-2 number system that uses only 0 and 1. Computers rely on binary because these values match on and off electrical states, and all data is stored as sequences of bits.

Understanding how computers represent numbers is fundamental to working with C programming.

In C, integers are stored in memory as sequences of binary digits, or bits. The binary system uses only 0 and 1, which matches how computers represent electrical states.

Every integer in a C program is ultimately a pattern of bits in memory. Understanding this is essential for bitwise operations, integer limits, and low-level debugging.

print_binary.c


              1234567891011121314151617
            
#include <stdio.h>

void print_binary(unsigned int n) {
    int num_bits = sizeof(unsigned int) * 8;
    for (int i = num_bits - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        unsigned int mask = 1u << i;
        printf("%d", (n & mask) ? 1 : 0);
    }
    printf("\n");
}

int main() {
    unsigned int value = 29;
    printf("Decimal: %u\nBinary:   ", value);
    print_binary(value);
    return 0;
}

The program shows how to display the binary form of an integer in C. The print_binary function loops through each bit from the most significant to the least significant. For every position, it creates a mask by shifting 1 left by i bits and uses the bitwise AND operator (&) to check whether that bit in n is set. If the result is nonzero, it prints 1; otherwise, it prints 0.

This method reflects how integers are stored in memory. Each bit represents a power of two, and the pattern of set and unset bits defines the integer’s value. Visualizing this process helps you understand how C works with data at the lowest level.

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