Preparation for Data Science

In this section we will get acquainted with what the NumPy library is, as well as learn how to create an array.

In this section we will get acquainted with arrays of different dimensions, and understand the difference between them.

In this section we should recall what slices are and learn how to make them for arrays of different dimensions. We shall also learn to refer to elements in an array using their indexes.

In this section we will learn how to reshape arrays and also how to concatenate an array. Moreover we will learn how to sort an array. Also we will learn about such an interesting method that is often used for arrays, namely: copy().

In this project, we will delve into the fundamentals of NumPy, exploring its core features and uncovering the reasons behind its significant impact on scientific computing.

Dyk ned i grundlæggende elementer i pandas-biblioteket. Opret og manipulér Series og DataFrames, undersøg deres struktur, og opbyg fortrolighed med udførelse af essentielle dataoperationer.

Opnå færdigheder i at indlæse og håndtere data fra CSV- og TXT-filer. Få praktisk erfaring med at importere datasæt og forberede dem til videre analyse ved hjælp af pandas-værktøjer.

Lær at udforske, rense og opsummere data effektivt. Forstå håndtering af manglende værdier, udtrækning af indsigter og udførelse af grundlæggende statistiske operationer med pandas.

Dette afsnit vil lære dig, hvordan du udtrækker specifikke kolonner ved hjælp af deres titler eller indekser. Du vil også blive introduceret til metoder til at udvælge rækker baseret på indekser.

Her vil du lære, hvordan du udtrækker data med specifikke betingelser. Du vil også lære, hvordan du kombinerer dem og endda opretter dine egne.

I dette afsnit udvider du din viden om at opstille forskellige datakriterier. Du lærer at kontrollere, om dine data er i en defineret liste af værdier eller mellem to værdier. Du lærer også, hvordan du finder de største og mindste værdier.

Dette afsnit er et af de mest fascinerende i kurset. Her lærer du, hvordan du kan gruppere data på forskellige måder. Det vil hjælpe dig som dataanalytiker med at finde information om specifikke datagrupper.

Dette afsnit er et af de mest betydningsfulde for en dataanalytiker, da det vil være umuligt at arbejde med data, hvis de indeholder manglende værdier eller er i et forkert format. Derfor vil du her lære, hvordan du håndterer sådanne uhensigtsmæssige værdier.

In this project, we are going to understand what Pandas is and why it is so powerful.

Let's start with some basic definitions and concepts we'll use later. Consider the idea of a function, a numerical sequence, and its sum, and also understand what a coordinate system's basis is.

The simplest and most commonly used type of relationship is the linear relationship. Linear algebra is a branch of higher mathematics entirely devoted to linear functions and linear spaces. Let's look at some of the most important topics in linear algebra: vectors, matrices, solving linear equations, and solving the spectral problem for matrices.

Mathematical analysis is a discipline that allows you to analyze functions according to various criteria. Consider how to check numerical sequences for convergence, find the maximum/minimum values of functions, solve nonlinear equations, and use integrals to solve applied problems.

We will start our way of learning probability theory by considering some basic definitions and rules: what is a stochastic experiment and random event, what is independence and incompatibility of events in the context of probability theory, what is the probability and how can we calculate probabilities of different elementary events.

In real-life tasks, we often have to deal with complex relationships and, as a result, calculate probabilities of several events or events that depend on each other. Let's consider how we can do this using probability theory.

To solve many real problems in probability theory, special models have been created that describe a particular situation. Let's consider some of the most used models that can be used to describe some discrete results of stochastic experiments.

What if the result of a stochastic experiment cannot be described by a discrete value? For this, models that work with continuous values are used. Consider the most popular of these models.

Often we are faced with the task of checking the dependence of the results of different stochastic experiments on each other. Moreover, it is necessary not only to assess the presence of dependencies but also to somehow quantify the degree of dependencies. To solve these problems, we can use covariance and correlation.

Opdag centrale statistiske principper, herunder datatyper, mål for central tendens og væsentlige forskelle mellem stikprøver og populationer.

Lær at beregne og fortolke gennemsnit, median og typetal ved hjælp af Python. Øv disse operationer med pandas for at analysere virkelige datasæt.

Forstå, hvordan varians og standardafvigelse måler dataspredning. Lær at beregne begge dele manuelt og ved hjælp af Python-værktøjer.

Undersøg, hvordan kovarians og korrelation beskriver relationer mellem variable. Øv beregning og sammenligning af begge metrikker i Python.

Behersk konfidensintervaller til at estimere populationsparametre. Brug NumPy, pandas og visualiseringsbiblioteker til at beregne og fortolke intervaller med virkelige data.

Lær det grundlæggende om hypoteseprøvning og t-testen. Forstå, hvordan man designer, udfører og fortolker tests ved hjælp af Python til at understøtte datadrevne beslutninger.

Now we will understand some fundamental theoretical concepts which are used in solving real live tasks: absolutely continuous and discrete random variables, probability density function, cumulative distribution function, the characteristics of a random variable, etc.

The limit theorems of probability theory are fundamental laws of probability theory that are often used in practice in a wide variety of areas, such as: building confidence intervals, estimating distribution parameters, providing A/B testings, creating ensembles of ML models, etc. Now we will consider two of the most commonly used: the Law of Large Numbers and the Central Limit Theorem.

When we work with real data we usually do not know from which distribution this data was obtained. In order to determine this, we must be able to correctly estimate the parameters of this distribution and the type of distribution, which we will learn to do in this section.

We have already learned how to estimate the parameters of the population. But to estimate the parameter, we make an assumption about the population distribution. Can we say that our assumption is correct? How do we prove that the estimated parameters are the real parameters of the population? Can we show that two sets of samples are independent? To answer these questions, it is necessary to consider the concept of hypothesis testing.