Summary
This chapter explains how to use Python’s print function for printing strings and other data types to display output in your code.

General domain of usage
Data analysis

import unittest
import re
from io import StringIO
from contextlib import redirect_stdout
import importlib

def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)

class TestUserCode(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_first_print_outputs_greeting(self):
        # Capture the output of the user code execution.
        import user_code  # The user's solution file should be named "user_code.py".
        f = StringIO()
        with redirect_stdout(f):
            importlib.reload(user_code)
        output = f.getvalue().strip()
        lines = output.splitlines()

        condition = (len(lines) >= 1 and
                     lines[0].strip().lower() == "welcome to the grocery".lower())
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "The first print line correctly outputs 'Welcome to the Grocery'.",
            "Expected the first line to print 'Welcome to the Grocery' (case insensitive) but got: '{}'".format(
                lines[0] if len(lines) >= 1 else ""
            )
        )

    def test_second_print_outputs_store(self):
        # Capture the output of the user code execution.
        import user_code  # The user's solution file should be named "user_code.py".
        f = StringIO()
        with redirect_stdout(f):
            importlib.reload(user_code)
        output = f.getvalue().strip()
        lines = output.splitlines()

        condition = (len(lines) >= 2 and
                     lines[1].strip().lower() == "store".lower())
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "The second print line correctly outputs 'Store'.",
            "Expected the second line to print 'Store' (case insensitive) but got: '{}'".format(
                lines[1] if len(lines) >= 2 else ""
            )
        )

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()


test_main.py

Python is a high-level, interpreted, general-purpose programming
language. Distinguished from languages such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, which are mainly
utilized in web development, Python boasts versatility across multiple domains, including
software development, data science, and back-end development. This course will guide you
through Python's fundamental concepts, equipping you with the skills to create your own
functions by the conclusion of the program.

In this section, you will explore the fundamentals of Python, get acquainted
with your workspace, perform simple math operations, and display your findings.

In this section, you'll discover how to save items such as numbers and text
in computer memory and retrieve them by name. Additionally, you'll gain an introduction to text
manipulation in Python.

In this section, you'll explore the boolean data type and learn how it is used
to develop programs that react to certain conditions.

In this section, you will continue learning about data types and discover
how to organize various attributes in a single variable using lists, tuples, and dictionaries.

In this section, you'll learn how to create loops in Python — an essential skill
for iterating through lists, tuples, and dictionaries.

To conclude this introductory course, you will explore some built-in
functions and then begin to develop your own!

First Steps

Solution