Understanding your data begins with descriptive statistics - these provide essential summaries about the distribution, central tendency, and spread of variables.

Basic Descriptive Statistics

The most common statistical measures are:

• Mean: average value;
• Standard deviation: how much values deviate from the mean;
• Median: middle value;
• Min / max: smallest and largest values.

These give a quick overview of how your variables are distributed.

Base R

Base R provides simple functions for calculating descriptive statistics. The summary() function also produces a quick statistical overview of all numeric columns.

mean(df$max_power, na.rm = TRUE)
median(df$selling_price, na.rm = TRUE)
min(df$mileage, na.rm = TRUE)
max(df$mileage, na.rm = TRUE)
summary(df)

dplyr

With dplyr, you can use summarise() to calculate multiple statistics at once in a clean and readable format.

df %>%
  summarise(
    avg_power = mean(max_power, na.rm = TRUE),
    sd_power = sd(max_power, na.rm = TRUE),
    median_power = median(max_power, na.rm = TRUE)
  )