import unittest
import psycopg2
import pandas as pd
import re

class TestPostgresQuery(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        cls.connection = psycopg2.connect(
            host="localhost",
            user="agent",
            password="qwerty",
            dbname="testdb",
            sslmode="disable"
        )
        cls.cursor = cls.connection.cursor()

    def test_selects_population_column(self):
        """Check if only the 'population' column is selected."""
        with open("query.sql", "r") as file:
            query = file.read()
        self.cursor.execute(query)
        columns = [desc[0] for desc in self.cursor.description]
        condition = columns == ["population"]
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "Query selects only the 'population' column.",
            f"Query does not select only the 'population' column. Columns found: {columns}"
        )

    def test_orders_population_ascending(self):
        """Check if the population column is ordered in ascending order (NULLs last)."""
        with open("query.sql", "r") as file:
            query = file.read()
        self.cursor.execute(query)
        results = self.cursor.fetchall()
        populations = [row[0] for row in results]
        # Remove nulls for ordering check
        non_null_populations = [p for p in populations if p is not None]
        sorted_non_null = sorted(non_null_populations)
        # Find where first null appears
        null_start = None
        for i, p in enumerate(populations):
            if p is None:
                null_start = i
                break
        # All nulls must be at the end
        nulls_at_end = True
        if null_start is not None:
            nulls_at_end = all(x is None for x in populations[null_start:])
        condition = (non_null_populations == sorted_non_null) and nulls_at_end
        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            condition,
            "Population values are ordered in ascending order with NULLs at the end.",
            "Population values are not ordered in ascending order or NULLs are not at the end."
        )

def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)

def normalize_text(text):
    text = text.lower()
    text = re.sub(r"\s{2,}", " ", text)
    text = re.sub(r"\s*([,:?])\s*", r"\1 ", text)
    return text.strip()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()


test_solution.py

This course is perfect for beginners ready to explore the world of SQL. Whether you're just starting out in database management or aiming to use SQL for your application development projects, this course covers the essentials. You'll quickly learn how to leverage the full potential of SQL, from querying and managing data to seamlessly integrating it into real-world applications. By the end of the course, you'll have the confidence and skills to solve practical problems with SQL and enhance your development process.

In this section, we will learn how to use the SQL SELECT statement to get a single table column, multiple table columns, and all table columns. We will also find out how to return unique values.

In this section, we’ll explore how to organize and prioritize the data returned by a query using the ORDER BY clause. Placed at the end of a SELECT statement, this clause lets you sort your results by one or multiple columns, either in ascending or descending order, enabling more meaningful and easily interpretable data output.

In this section, we will learn how to filter returned data using the SELECT statement's WHERE clause. We will learn how to test for equality, inequality, more and less significant than value ranges, and NULL values.

In this section, we’ll explore how to refine your search conditions by combining WHERE clauses with the AND and OR operators. We’ll also cover how the NOT operator can be used to exclude certain results.

In this section, we will learn what the SQL aggregate functions are and how to use them to summarize table data.

Challenge: Population Sort

Solution

Challenge: Population Sort

Solution