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Mastering Python: Annotations, Errors and Environment
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Mastering Python: Annotations, Errors and Environment

Mastering Python: Annotations, Errors and Environment

1. Annotations
What are Annotations?Variable AnnotationReturn AnnotationDocstringChallenge: Annotate the Functionhelp()
2. Function Arguments in Details
Positional ArgumentsOptional ArgumentsArbitrary Arguments (*args)Arbitrary Keyword Arguments (**kwargs)UnpackingChallenge: Snake and Sum
3. Error Handling
What are Errors?ExamplesRaisingHandlingDetailed exceptChallenge: Safely Auth
4. Virtual Environment
What is Virtual Environment?Creating a Virtual EnvironmentProject RequirementsVirtual Environment in IDE: PyCharmVirtual Environment in IDE: VS Code

bookReturn Annotation

The return annotation is used in functions to indicate what type of data will be returned. This annotation is created using the -> syntax:


              
1234

            
def addition(first: int, second: int) -> int:
    return first + second

print(addition(15, 12))
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Return annotations are helpful for both function users and writers, as they indicate if the function is returning an unexpected data type:

The division operator (/) returns a float value, but if we expect an int, the return annotation can help us identify this potential bug in our function.

Note

To create the return annotation, you need to use the -> and type (e.g., str) between closed parenthesis ) and colon :.

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Section 1. Chapter 3
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