Course Content

Learning Statistics with Python

1. Basic Concepts

Sample vs Population Types of Statistics Types of Data Mean Value Median Value Median Value of the Even Number of Values Mean or Median Mode Value Descriptive Statistics Quiz

2. Mean, Median and Mode with Python

Examine the Dataset Calculating Mean and Median Values with Python Statistics with pandas Calculate the Mean and Median Salary

3. Variance and Standard Deviation

Population Variance Sample Variance Calculate Variance with Python Standard deviation Standard Deviation with Python Calculating Variance and Standard Deviation

4. Covariance vs Correlation

Covariance Correlation Select All Possible Values Calculate Covariance and Correlation

5. Confidence Interval

Explore the Data Set Confidence Interval Calculating Confidence Interval with Python Confidence Interval Width Quiz Calculate 95% Confidence Interval Advanced Confidence Interval Calculation with Python Match the Functions

6. Statistical Testing

What is t-test Hypotheses t-test Mathematically One-Tailed And Two-Tailed Test t-test Assumptions Performing a t-test in Python Conduct a t-test Paired t-test

Paired t-test

The following function conducts a paired t-test:

This process resembles the one used for independent samples, but here we do not need to check the homogeneity of variance. The paired t-test explicitly does not assume that variances are equal.

Keep in mind that for a paired t-test, it's crucial that the sample sizes are equal.

With this information in mind, you can proceed to the task of conducting a paired t-test.

Here, you have data regarding the number of downloads for a particular app. Take a look at the samples: the mean values are nearly identical.


              123456789101112
            
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Read the data
before = pd.read_csv('https://codefinity-content-media.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/a849660e-ddfa-4033-80a6-94a1b7772e23/Testing2.0/before.csv').squeeze()
after = pd.read_csv('https://codefinity-content-media.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/a849660e-ddfa-4033-80a6-94a1b7772e23/Testing2.0/after.csv').squeeze()
# Plot histograms
plt.hist(before, alpha=0.7)
plt.hist(after, alpha=0.7)
# Plot the means
plt.axvline(before.mean(), color='blue', linestyle='dashed')
plt.axvline(after.mean(), color='gold', linestyle='dashed')

Task

We establish the hypotheses:

H₀: The mean number of downloads before and after the changes is the same;
Hₐ: The mean number of downloads is greater after the modifications.

Conduct a paired t-test with this alternative hypothesis, using before and after as the samples.

Task

We establish the hypotheses:

H₀: The mean number of downloads before and after the changes is the same;
Hₐ: The mean number of downloads is greater after the modifications.

Conduct a paired t-test with this alternative hypothesis, using before and after as the samples.

Switch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below

Everything was clear?

Section 6. Chapter 8

Paired t-test

The following function conducts a paired t-test:

This process resembles the one used for independent samples, but here we do not need to check the homogeneity of variance. The paired t-test explicitly does not assume that variances are equal.

Keep in mind that for a paired t-test, it's crucial that the sample sizes are equal.

With this information in mind, you can proceed to the task of conducting a paired t-test.

Here, you have data regarding the number of downloads for a particular app. Take a look at the samples: the mean values are nearly identical.


              123456789101112
            
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Read the data
before = pd.read_csv('https://codefinity-content-media.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/a849660e-ddfa-4033-80a6-94a1b7772e23/Testing2.0/before.csv').squeeze()
after = pd.read_csv('https://codefinity-content-media.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/a849660e-ddfa-4033-80a6-94a1b7772e23/Testing2.0/after.csv').squeeze()
# Plot histograms
plt.hist(before, alpha=0.7)
plt.hist(after, alpha=0.7)
# Plot the means
plt.axvline(before.mean(), color='blue', linestyle='dashed')
plt.axvline(after.mean(), color='gold', linestyle='dashed')

Task

We establish the hypotheses:

H₀: The mean number of downloads before and after the changes is the same;
Hₐ: The mean number of downloads is greater after the modifications.

Conduct a paired t-test with this alternative hypothesis, using before and after as the samples.

Task

We establish the hypotheses:

H₀: The mean number of downloads before and after the changes is the same;
Hₐ: The mean number of downloads is greater after the modifications.

Conduct a paired t-test with this alternative hypothesis, using before and after as the samples.

Switch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below

Everything was clear?

Section 6. Chapter 8

Paired t-test

The following function conducts a paired t-test:

This process resembles the one used for independent samples, but here we do not need to check the homogeneity of variance. The paired t-test explicitly does not assume that variances are equal.

Keep in mind that for a paired t-test, it's crucial that the sample sizes are equal.

With this information in mind, you can proceed to the task of conducting a paired t-test.

Here, you have data regarding the number of downloads for a particular app. Take a look at the samples: the mean values are nearly identical.


              123456789101112
            
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Read the data
before = pd.read_csv('https://codefinity-content-media.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/a849660e-ddfa-4033-80a6-94a1b7772e23/Testing2.0/before.csv').squeeze()
after = pd.read_csv('https://codefinity-content-media.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/a849660e-ddfa-4033-80a6-94a1b7772e23/Testing2.0/after.csv').squeeze()
# Plot histograms
plt.hist(before, alpha=0.7)
plt.hist(after, alpha=0.7)
# Plot the means
plt.axvline(before.mean(), color='blue', linestyle='dashed')
plt.axvline(after.mean(), color='gold', linestyle='dashed')

Task

We establish the hypotheses:

H₀: The mean number of downloads before and after the changes is the same;
Hₐ: The mean number of downloads is greater after the modifications.

Conduct a paired t-test with this alternative hypothesis, using before and after as the samples.

Task

We establish the hypotheses:

H₀: The mean number of downloads before and after the changes is the same;
Hₐ: The mean number of downloads is greater after the modifications.

Conduct a paired t-test with this alternative hypothesis, using before and after as the samples.

Switch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below

Everything was clear?

The following function conducts a paired t-test:

This process resembles the one used for independent samples, but here we do not need to check the homogeneity of variance. The paired t-test explicitly does not assume that variances are equal.

Keep in mind that for a paired t-test, it's crucial that the sample sizes are equal.

With this information in mind, you can proceed to the task of conducting a paired t-test.

Here, you have data regarding the number of downloads for a particular app. Take a look at the samples: the mean values are nearly identical.


              123456789101112
            
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Read the data
before = pd.read_csv('https://codefinity-content-media.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/a849660e-ddfa-4033-80a6-94a1b7772e23/Testing2.0/before.csv').squeeze()
after = pd.read_csv('https://codefinity-content-media.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/a849660e-ddfa-4033-80a6-94a1b7772e23/Testing2.0/after.csv').squeeze()
# Plot histograms
plt.hist(before, alpha=0.7)
plt.hist(after, alpha=0.7)
# Plot the means
plt.axvline(before.mean(), color='blue', linestyle='dashed')
plt.axvline(after.mean(), color='gold', linestyle='dashed')

Task

We establish the hypotheses:

H₀: The mean number of downloads before and after the changes is the same;
Hₐ: The mean number of downloads is greater after the modifications.

Conduct a paired t-test with this alternative hypothesis, using before and after as the samples.

Switch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below

Section 6. Chapter 8

Switch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below