Course Content

Introduction to TensorFlow

1. Tensors

Welcome to TensorFlow Introduction to Tensors Tensor Properties Applications of Tensors Batches Creating Tensors Data Types Basic Operations: Arithmetic Basic Operations: Linear Algebra Challenge: Creating a Neural Network Layer Transformations Reduction Operations Quiz: TensorFlow Basics

2. Basics of TensorFlow

Gradient Tape Graph Execution Neural Network Implementation Quiz: Conclusion Summary

Tensor Properties

Tensors come with distinct properties that dictate their structure and how they process and store data.

Rank: It tells you the number of dimensions present in the tensor. For instance, a matrix has a rank of 2. You can get the rank of the tensor using the .ndim attribute:


              1234567891011121314151617
            
import tensorflow as tf

# Create tensors
tensor_1D = tf.constant([1, 2, 3])
tensor_2D = tf.constant([
    [1, 2], 
    [3, 4]
])
tensor_3D = tf.constant([
    [[1, 2], [3, 4]], 
    [[5, 6], [7, 8]]
])

# Get ranks
print(f'Rank of 1D tensor: {tensor_1D.ndim}')
print(f'Rank of 2D tensor: {tensor_2D.ndim}')
print(f'Rank of 3D tensor: {tensor_3D.ndim}')

Note

We've structured the definition of Python lists over multiple lines for clearer readability. You can condense it into a single line to see that it functions the same way.

Shape: This describes how many values exist in each dimension. A 2x3 matrix has a shape of (2, 3). The length of the shape parameter matches the tensor's rank (its number of dimensions). You can get the the shape of the tensor by the .shape attribute:


              123456789101112131415161718
            
import tensorflow as tf

# Create tensors
tensor_1D = tf.constant([1, 2, 3, 4])
tensor_2D = tf.constant([
    [1, 2, 3], 
    [4, 5, 6]
])
tensor_3D = tf.constant([
    [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], 
    [[7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]],
    [[13, 14, 15], [16, 17, 18]]
])

# Get shapes
print(f'Shape of 1D tensor: {tensor_1D.shape}')
print(f'Shape of 2D tensor: {tensor_2D.shape}')
print(f'Shape of 3D tensor: {tensor_3D.shape}')

Note

Getting tensor shapes and ranks correct is crucial in deep learning. Dimension mismatches are common pitfalls, especially when building complex models in TensorFlow.

Types: Tensors come in various data types. While there are many, some common ones include float32, int32, and string. We'll delve deeper into tensor data types in upcoming chapters. You can get the the data type of the tensor by the .dtype attribute:


              1234567891011
            
import tensorflow as tf

# Create tensors
tensor_int = tf.constant([1, 2, 3, 4])
tensor_float = tf.constant([1., 2., 3., 4.])
tensor_string = tf.constant(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])

# Get data type
print(f'Data type of 1D tensor: {tensor_int.dtype}')
print(f'Data type of 2D tensor: {tensor_float.dtype}')
print(f'Data type of 3D tensor: {tensor_string.dtype}')

Note

Data type of a tensor is determined by the content it contains. It's essential that all elements within the tensor are of the same type.

Axes: Axes help us navigate through dimensions of tensors. By specifying an axis, you can pinpoint a specific layer or direction in the tensor, making it easier to process and understand the data. Axes correspond directly to shape dimensions. Each axis corresponds to a specific shape value, with the 0th axis aligning with the first shape value, the 1st axis with the second, and so on.

Task

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In this task, you are provided with two tensors. The first tensor is already created for you; your task is to display its properties using the relevant tensor attributes. For the second tensor, you'll need to construct it yourself with the following specifications:

Rank: 3.
Shape: (2, 4, 3).
Data type: float.

So, your steps are:

Retrieve the properties of the first tensor.
Construct a tensor that meets the specified criteria.

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Section 1. Chapter 3

Tensor Properties

Tensors come with distinct properties that dictate their structure and how they process and store data.

Rank: It tells you the number of dimensions present in the tensor. For instance, a matrix has a rank of 2. You can get the rank of the tensor using the .ndim attribute:


              1234567891011121314151617
            
import tensorflow as tf

# Create tensors
tensor_1D = tf.constant([1, 2, 3])
tensor_2D = tf.constant([
    [1, 2], 
    [3, 4]
])
tensor_3D = tf.constant([
    [[1, 2], [3, 4]], 
    [[5, 6], [7, 8]]
])

# Get ranks
print(f'Rank of 1D tensor: {tensor_1D.ndim}')
print(f'Rank of 2D tensor: {tensor_2D.ndim}')
print(f'Rank of 3D tensor: {tensor_3D.ndim}')

Note

We've structured the definition of Python lists over multiple lines for clearer readability. You can condense it into a single line to see that it functions the same way.

Shape: This describes how many values exist in each dimension. A 2x3 matrix has a shape of (2, 3). The length of the shape parameter matches the tensor's rank (its number of dimensions). You can get the the shape of the tensor by the .shape attribute:


              123456789101112131415161718
            
import tensorflow as tf

# Create tensors
tensor_1D = tf.constant([1, 2, 3, 4])
tensor_2D = tf.constant([
    [1, 2, 3], 
    [4, 5, 6]
])
tensor_3D = tf.constant([
    [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], 
    [[7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]],
    [[13, 14, 15], [16, 17, 18]]
])

# Get shapes
print(f'Shape of 1D tensor: {tensor_1D.shape}')
print(f'Shape of 2D tensor: {tensor_2D.shape}')
print(f'Shape of 3D tensor: {tensor_3D.shape}')

Note

Getting tensor shapes and ranks correct is crucial in deep learning. Dimension mismatches are common pitfalls, especially when building complex models in TensorFlow.

Types: Tensors come in various data types. While there are many, some common ones include float32, int32, and string. We'll delve deeper into tensor data types in upcoming chapters. You can get the the data type of the tensor by the .dtype attribute:


              1234567891011
            
import tensorflow as tf

# Create tensors
tensor_int = tf.constant([1, 2, 3, 4])
tensor_float = tf.constant([1., 2., 3., 4.])
tensor_string = tf.constant(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])

# Get data type
print(f'Data type of 1D tensor: {tensor_int.dtype}')
print(f'Data type of 2D tensor: {tensor_float.dtype}')
print(f'Data type of 3D tensor: {tensor_string.dtype}')

Note

Data type of a tensor is determined by the content it contains. It's essential that all elements within the tensor are of the same type.

Axes: Axes help us navigate through dimensions of tensors. By specifying an axis, you can pinpoint a specific layer or direction in the tensor, making it easier to process and understand the data. Axes correspond directly to shape dimensions. Each axis corresponds to a specific shape value, with the 0th axis aligning with the first shape value, the 1st axis with the second, and so on.

Task

Swipe to show code editor

Rank: 3.
Shape: (2, 4, 3).
Data type: float.

So, your steps are:

Retrieve the properties of the first tensor.
Construct a tensor that meets the specified criteria.

Switch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below

Everything was clear?

Thanks for your feedback!

Section 1. Chapter 3

Switch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below