What is variable scope, and how did we manage without it before? This topic is essential for understanding the following subjects: Closures and Decorators. I assure you that this topic will be both enjoyable and practical. You will gain knowledge about local, nonlocal, and global variables.

Global Variable

Local Variable

Challenge: Modifying a Global Variable

Nested Functions

Nonlocal Variable

Closures

Challenge: Threshold Checker

5. Decorators

This section provides an in-depth exploration of Python decorators, a powerful feature that allows for the modification and enhancement of function behavior. Participants will learn how to write their own decorators, understand built-in decorators, and apply decorators in practical scenarios.

Introduction to Decorators

Syntax

Challenge: Create Your Decorator

Decorators with Parameters

Chaining Decorators

Challenge: Basic Smores Recipe

Practical Examples of Decorator Usage

Course Content

Intermediate Python Techniques

**kwargs

Now, let's move on to keyword arbitrary arguments or **kwargs. The principle of how **kwargs works is the same as for *args, but it accepts keyword arguments instead of positional ones. **kwargs packs information into a dictionary, so we will work with it accordingly.


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def personal_info(name, **kwargs):
    print(f"Name: {name}")
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        print(f"{key.capitalize()}: {value}")

personal_info("Sarah", surname="Conor", son="John")
personal_info("Natalie", cats="3", breed="Maine Coon")

The correct order for the arguments is as follows:

Positional
Optional
*args
**kwargs


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def new_func(a, b=0, *args, **kwargs):
	print(f"a = {a}, b = {b}, args = {args}, kwargs = {kwargs}")

new_func(1, 2, "Love", "Hope", name="Anna", age=20)

If you want to unpack dictionaries, you need to use ** before the dictionary variable.

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Section 2. Chapter 4