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Java Basics
course content

Course Content

Java Basics

Java Basics

1. Getting Started
Backend DevelopmentRole of Java in the Backend Java Advantages Memory Types In Java Java's SyntaxYour First ProgramComments
2. Basic Types, Operations
Primitive Data TypesPrimitive Types ChallengeChar and ASCII TableMathematical Operations in JavaIf-Else StatementSwitch-Case StatementWeekday Switch Challenge
3. Loops
Introduction to LoopsWhile-LoopDo-While LoopFor-Loop Increment and DecrementInfinite Loop (bonus)Challenge: Factorial
4. Arrays
What is Array?Using Loops with ArraysIndex Out Of BoundsTwo-Dimentional ArrayIteration In Two-Dimensional ArrayFor-Each Loop
5. String
What Is String? Basic Methods In String Part 1Basic Methods In String Part 2B-Inclusion Filter ChallengeNullPointer Exception StringBuilderString Pool, Method Equals() Summary

bookStringBuilder

What is StringBuilder?

StringBuilder is a utility class for manipulating and editing string objects.

Note

You will learn more about classes, how to create them, and how to work with them correctly in a separate course.

StringBuilder has its own methods, and creating a StringBuilder object is as straightforward as creating a String object:

java

Main

copy

              
1

            
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

Inside the parentheses, we can also pass a string value, and our StringBuilder variable will hold that value, for example:

java

Main

copy

              
1

            
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("c<>definity");

To print our value to the console, we need to use one of the StringBuilder methods. It's the toString() method, which converts the value of the StringBuilder to a String type value. Let's look at an example:

java

Main

copy

              
123456789

            
package com.example;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("c<>definity");
        String string = builder.toString();
        System.out.println(string);
    }
}

Note

Keep in mind that if your StringBuilder has a null value, it will result in a NullPointerException (NPE) being thrown.

StringBuilder in Action

Both StringBuilder and String have their own set of methods, and while they share many similarities, there's one method that's especially valuable and frequently used in StringBuilder: append(String str). This method allows us to add a specified string to the existing content of our StringBuilder object.

Let's examine a code example:

java

Main

copy

              
12345678910111213141516

            
package com.example;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // initializing the new String with value "Hello"
        String hello = "Hello"; 
        System.out.println("Our string before using an append() method: " + hello);
        // initializing a new StringBuilder with value of our already initialized string
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(hello); 
        // using append() method, adding a string world to our StringBuilder
        builder = builder.append(" world!");
        // creating a new String variable that has a StringBuilder value
        String result = builder.toString();
        System.out.println("Our string after using an append() method: " + result);
    }
}

Why Not Use the + Operator?

You might be wondering why we don't simply use the + operator for string manipulation. Well, performing mathematical operations with string variables is discouraged in Java. Even using == for comparison is discouraged in most cases, except when comparing with null. (Remember, we can't use methods with null values, right?)

Instead, it's better to use the equals() method for string comparison, which we will delve into in the next chapter.

Task

You have been provided with an array of string values. Your task is to append "!" to each of these values to ensure clarity when our speaker reads the answers. Keep in mind that the array may also contain null values (I did not create it). Replace these null values with a space symbol (" "). After adding the exclamation mark to each array element, display the modified array on the screen using a for-each loop and System.out.print():

Note

Be extremely cautious when using StringBuilder, and remember that a String cannot be modified after initialization. If you encounter a situation in your program where you think your methods are not working, double-check whether you have considered this.

Switch to desktopSwitch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below
Everything was clear?

How can we improve it?

Thanks for your feedback!

Section 5. Chapter 6
toggle bottom row

bookStringBuilder

What is StringBuilder?

StringBuilder is a utility class for manipulating and editing string objects.

Note

You will learn more about classes, how to create them, and how to work with them correctly in a separate course.

StringBuilder has its own methods, and creating a StringBuilder object is as straightforward as creating a String object:

java

Main

copy

              
1

            
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

Inside the parentheses, we can also pass a string value, and our StringBuilder variable will hold that value, for example:

java

Main

copy

              
1

            
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("c<>definity");

To print our value to the console, we need to use one of the StringBuilder methods. It's the toString() method, which converts the value of the StringBuilder to a String type value. Let's look at an example:

java

Main

copy

              
123456789

            
package com.example;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("c<>definity");
        String string = builder.toString();
        System.out.println(string);
    }
}

Note

Keep in mind that if your StringBuilder has a null value, it will result in a NullPointerException (NPE) being thrown.

StringBuilder in Action

Both StringBuilder and String have their own set of methods, and while they share many similarities, there's one method that's especially valuable and frequently used in StringBuilder: append(String str). This method allows us to add a specified string to the existing content of our StringBuilder object.

Let's examine a code example:

java

Main

copy

              
12345678910111213141516

            
package com.example;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // initializing the new String with value "Hello"
        String hello = "Hello"; 
        System.out.println("Our string before using an append() method: " + hello);
        // initializing a new StringBuilder with value of our already initialized string
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(hello); 
        // using append() method, adding a string world to our StringBuilder
        builder = builder.append(" world!");
        // creating a new String variable that has a StringBuilder value
        String result = builder.toString();
        System.out.println("Our string after using an append() method: " + result);
    }
}

Why Not Use the + Operator?

You might be wondering why we don't simply use the + operator for string manipulation. Well, performing mathematical operations with string variables is discouraged in Java. Even using == for comparison is discouraged in most cases, except when comparing with null. (Remember, we can't use methods with null values, right?)

Instead, it's better to use the equals() method for string comparison, which we will delve into in the next chapter.

Task

You have been provided with an array of string values. Your task is to append "!" to each of these values to ensure clarity when our speaker reads the answers. Keep in mind that the array may also contain null values (I did not create it). Replace these null values with a space symbol (" "). After adding the exclamation mark to each array element, display the modified array on the screen using a for-each loop and System.out.print():

Note

Be extremely cautious when using StringBuilder, and remember that a String cannot be modified after initialization. If you encounter a situation in your program where you think your methods are not working, double-check whether you have considered this.

Switch to desktopSwitch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below
Everything was clear?

How can we improve it?

Thanks for your feedback!

Section 5. Chapter 6
toggle bottom row

bookStringBuilder

What is StringBuilder?

StringBuilder is a utility class for manipulating and editing string objects.

Note

You will learn more about classes, how to create them, and how to work with them correctly in a separate course.

StringBuilder has its own methods, and creating a StringBuilder object is as straightforward as creating a String object:

java

Main

copy

              
1

            
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

Inside the parentheses, we can also pass a string value, and our StringBuilder variable will hold that value, for example:

java

Main

copy

              
1

            
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("c<>definity");

To print our value to the console, we need to use one of the StringBuilder methods. It's the toString() method, which converts the value of the StringBuilder to a String type value. Let's look at an example:

java

Main

copy

              
123456789

            
package com.example;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("c<>definity");
        String string = builder.toString();
        System.out.println(string);
    }
}

Note

Keep in mind that if your StringBuilder has a null value, it will result in a NullPointerException (NPE) being thrown.

StringBuilder in Action

Both StringBuilder and String have their own set of methods, and while they share many similarities, there's one method that's especially valuable and frequently used in StringBuilder: append(String str). This method allows us to add a specified string to the existing content of our StringBuilder object.

Let's examine a code example:

java

Main

copy

              
12345678910111213141516

            
package com.example;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // initializing the new String with value "Hello"
        String hello = "Hello"; 
        System.out.println("Our string before using an append() method: " + hello);
        // initializing a new StringBuilder with value of our already initialized string
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(hello); 
        // using append() method, adding a string world to our StringBuilder
        builder = builder.append(" world!");
        // creating a new String variable that has a StringBuilder value
        String result = builder.toString();
        System.out.println("Our string after using an append() method: " + result);
    }
}

Why Not Use the + Operator?

You might be wondering why we don't simply use the + operator for string manipulation. Well, performing mathematical operations with string variables is discouraged in Java. Even using == for comparison is discouraged in most cases, except when comparing with null. (Remember, we can't use methods with null values, right?)

Instead, it's better to use the equals() method for string comparison, which we will delve into in the next chapter.

Task

You have been provided with an array of string values. Your task is to append "!" to each of these values to ensure clarity when our speaker reads the answers. Keep in mind that the array may also contain null values (I did not create it). Replace these null values with a space symbol (" "). After adding the exclamation mark to each array element, display the modified array on the screen using a for-each loop and System.out.print():

Note

Be extremely cautious when using StringBuilder, and remember that a String cannot be modified after initialization. If you encounter a situation in your program where you think your methods are not working, double-check whether you have considered this.

Switch to desktopSwitch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below
Everything was clear?

How can we improve it?

Thanks for your feedback!

What is StringBuilder?

StringBuilder is a utility class for manipulating and editing string objects.

Note

You will learn more about classes, how to create them, and how to work with them correctly in a separate course.

StringBuilder has its own methods, and creating a StringBuilder object is as straightforward as creating a String object:

java

Main

copy

              
1

            
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

Inside the parentheses, we can also pass a string value, and our StringBuilder variable will hold that value, for example:

java

Main

copy

              
1

            
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("c<>definity");

To print our value to the console, we need to use one of the StringBuilder methods. It's the toString() method, which converts the value of the StringBuilder to a String type value. Let's look at an example:

java

Main

copy

              
123456789

            
package com.example;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("c<>definity");
        String string = builder.toString();
        System.out.println(string);
    }
}

Note

Keep in mind that if your StringBuilder has a null value, it will result in a NullPointerException (NPE) being thrown.

StringBuilder in Action

Both StringBuilder and String have their own set of methods, and while they share many similarities, there's one method that's especially valuable and frequently used in StringBuilder: append(String str). This method allows us to add a specified string to the existing content of our StringBuilder object.

Let's examine a code example:

java

Main

copy

              
12345678910111213141516

            
package com.example;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // initializing the new String with value "Hello"
        String hello = "Hello"; 
        System.out.println("Our string before using an append() method: " + hello);
        // initializing a new StringBuilder with value of our already initialized string
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(hello); 
        // using append() method, adding a string world to our StringBuilder
        builder = builder.append(" world!");
        // creating a new String variable that has a StringBuilder value
        String result = builder.toString();
        System.out.println("Our string after using an append() method: " + result);
    }
}

Why Not Use the + Operator?

You might be wondering why we don't simply use the + operator for string manipulation. Well, performing mathematical operations with string variables is discouraged in Java. Even using == for comparison is discouraged in most cases, except when comparing with null. (Remember, we can't use methods with null values, right?)

Instead, it's better to use the equals() method for string comparison, which we will delve into in the next chapter.

Task

You have been provided with an array of string values. Your task is to append "!" to each of these values to ensure clarity when our speaker reads the answers. Keep in mind that the array may also contain null values (I did not create it). Replace these null values with a space symbol (" "). After adding the exclamation mark to each array element, display the modified array on the screen using a for-each loop and System.out.print():

Note

Be extremely cautious when using StringBuilder, and remember that a String cannot be modified after initialization. If you encounter a situation in your program where you think your methods are not working, double-check whether you have considered this.

Switch to desktopSwitch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below
Section 5. Chapter 6
Switch to desktopSwitch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below
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