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Built-in Functions

Welcome to the world of Python functions! In this chapter, we'll explore some of Python's most powerful built-in functions, which serve as essential tools for any Python developer.

First, let's watch as Alex demonstrates how to use some of these essential built-in functions:

What are Built-in Functions?

Built-in functions are predefined functions that come with Python, allowing you to use them in your code without writing additional functionality. These functions are designed to perform common tasks like calculations or data manipulation, making coding more efficient and streamlined.

For Python developers, mastering built-in functions is key to writing clean, efficient, and concise code.

Python offers a wide range of built-in functions. You've already encountered some, such as print(), len(), range(), and type(). Let's explore more commonly used built-in functions:

sum(): adds all items in an iterable (like a list) and returns the total, which is especially useful for working with numerical data;


              123
            
checkout = [2.99, 5.49, 3.99]
total = sum(checkout)
print(total)

max() and min(): return the largest and smallest elements in an iterable, respectively — ideal for comparisons or finding extremes;


              123
            
freezer_temperatures = [38, 32, 41, 34, 40]
print(max(freezer_temperatures))  
print(min(freezer_temperatures))

float(): converts a number or a string representing a number into a floating-point number (a number with decimals);


              123456789
            
price1 = "3.99"
price2 = 12

# Convert prices to float
price1_converted = float(price1)
price2_converted = float(price2)

print(f"Price #1 is ${price1_converted} and is of type {type(price1_converted)}")
print(f"Price #2 is ${price2_converted} and is of type {type(price2_converted)}")

int(): converts a number or a string representing a number into an integer. This is helpful when working with whole numbers or converting input data to integers;


              12345678
            
price = 3.99
quantity = "4"

# Calculate the total cost
total_cost = int(quantity) * price

print(f"The total cost for {quantity} items is ${total_cost}")
print(f"Converting the total cost to an integer results in ${int(total_cost)}")

Note

When a floating-point value is converted to an integer, the decimal portion is simply removed (the value is truncated).

sorted(): returns a new, sorted list from an iterable (like lists, tuples, or dictionaries). Unlike the sort() method, sorted()does not modify the original data and works on a wider range of types;


              123456
            
fruit_prices = {"cherries": 3.99, "apples": 2.99, "bananas": 1.49}

# Sorting the dictionary keys alphabetically
sorted_prices = sorted(fruit_prices)

print(sorted_prices)

zip(): combines two or more iterables (e.g., lists) into a single iterable of tuples, pairing elements from each iterable together.


              123456789
            
products = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
prices = [0.99, 0.59, 2.99]
stock = [50, 100, 25]

# `zip()` combines the 3 lists into a series of tuples
# `list()` converts the zip object into a list
product_info = list(zip(products, prices, stock))

print("Product information:", product_info)

Task

Swipe to start coding

Process product data from a dictionary where prices and quantities are stored as strings. Your goal is to calculate total sales for each product and generate summary statistics.

Loop through the products dictionary.
For each product:
- Convert the price to a float;
- Convert the quantity sold to an int;
- Multiply them to get the total sales for that product;
- Append the total sales to total_sales_list.
Use sum() to calculate the total sum of all sales.
Assign the total sum to the total_sum variable.
Use min() and max() to get the minimum and maximum sales values.
Assign the minimum value to the min_sales variable.
Assign the maximum value to the max_sales variable.

Output Requirements

For each product, print:
Total sales for <product>: $<total_sales>
After processing all products, print:
- Total sum of all sales: $<total_sum>
- Minimum sales: $<min_sales>
- Maximum sales: $<max_sales>

Requirements checklist

For each product in the products dictionary, ensure that the value appended to total_sales_list equals the product of the float-converted price and int-converted quantity from the dictionary.
Check that total_sum equals the sum of all values in total_sales_list.
Check that min_sales equals the minimum value in total_sales_list.
Check that max_sales equals the maximum value in total_sales_list.
For each product, check that stdout contains a line with "Total sales for : $<total_sales>", where <total_sales> is the product of the float-converted price and int-converted quantity for that product.
Check that stdout contains a line with "Total sum of all sales: $<total_sum>", where <total_sum> is the sum of all total sales.
Check that stdout contains a line with "Minimum sales: $<min_sales>", where <min_sales> is the minimum value in total_sales_list.
Check that stdout contains a line with "Maximum sales: $<max_sales>", where <max_sales> is the maximum value in total_sales_list.

Solution

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Section 6. Chapter 1

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Built-in Functions

Welcome to the world of Python functions! In this chapter, we'll explore some of Python's most powerful built-in functions, which serve as essential tools for any Python developer.

First, let's watch as Alex demonstrates how to use some of these essential built-in functions:

What are Built-in Functions?

For Python developers, mastering built-in functions is key to writing clean, efficient, and concise code.

Python offers a wide range of built-in functions. You've already encountered some, such as print(), len(), range(), and type(). Let's explore more commonly used built-in functions:

sum(): adds all items in an iterable (like a list) and returns the total, which is especially useful for working with numerical data;


              123
            
checkout = [2.99, 5.49, 3.99]
total = sum(checkout)
print(total)

max() and min(): return the largest and smallest elements in an iterable, respectively — ideal for comparisons or finding extremes;


              123
            
freezer_temperatures = [38, 32, 41, 34, 40]
print(max(freezer_temperatures))  
print(min(freezer_temperatures))

float(): converts a number or a string representing a number into a floating-point number (a number with decimals);


              123456789
            
price1 = "3.99"
price2 = 12

# Convert prices to float
price1_converted = float(price1)
price2_converted = float(price2)

print(f"Price #1 is ${price1_converted} and is of type {type(price1_converted)}")
print(f"Price #2 is ${price2_converted} and is of type {type(price2_converted)}")

int(): converts a number or a string representing a number into an integer. This is helpful when working with whole numbers or converting input data to integers;


              12345678
            
price = 3.99
quantity = "4"

# Calculate the total cost
total_cost = int(quantity) * price

print(f"The total cost for {quantity} items is ${total_cost}")
print(f"Converting the total cost to an integer results in ${int(total_cost)}")

Note

When a floating-point value is converted to an integer, the decimal portion is simply removed (the value is truncated).

sorted(): returns a new, sorted list from an iterable (like lists, tuples, or dictionaries). Unlike the sort() method, sorted()does not modify the original data and works on a wider range of types;


              123456
            
fruit_prices = {"cherries": 3.99, "apples": 2.99, "bananas": 1.49}

# Sorting the dictionary keys alphabetically
sorted_prices = sorted(fruit_prices)

print(sorted_prices)

zip(): combines two or more iterables (e.g., lists) into a single iterable of tuples, pairing elements from each iterable together.


              123456789
            
products = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
prices = [0.99, 0.59, 2.99]
stock = [50, 100, 25]

# `zip()` combines the 3 lists into a series of tuples
# `list()` converts the zip object into a list
product_info = list(zip(products, prices, stock))

print("Product information:", product_info)

Task

Swipe to start coding

Process product data from a dictionary where prices and quantities are stored as strings. Your goal is to calculate total sales for each product and generate summary statistics.

Loop through the products dictionary.
For each product:
- Convert the price to a float;
- Convert the quantity sold to an int;
- Multiply them to get the total sales for that product;
- Append the total sales to total_sales_list.
Use sum() to calculate the total sum of all sales.
Assign the total sum to the total_sum variable.
Use min() and max() to get the minimum and maximum sales values.
Assign the minimum value to the min_sales variable.
Assign the maximum value to the max_sales variable.

Output Requirements

For each product, print:
Total sales for <product>: $<total_sales>
After processing all products, print:
- Total sum of all sales: $<total_sum>
- Minimum sales: $<min_sales>
- Maximum sales: $<max_sales>

Requirements checklist

For each product in the products dictionary, ensure that the value appended to total_sales_list equals the product of the float-converted price and int-converted quantity from the dictionary.
Check that total_sum equals the sum of all values in total_sales_list.
Check that min_sales equals the minimum value in total_sales_list.
Check that max_sales equals the maximum value in total_sales_list.
For each product, check that stdout contains a line with "Total sales for : $<total_sales>", where <total_sales> is the product of the float-converted price and int-converted quantity for that product.
Check that stdout contains a line with "Total sum of all sales: $<total_sum>", where <total_sum> is the sum of all total sales.
Check that stdout contains a line with "Minimum sales: $<min_sales>", where <min_sales> is the minimum value in total_sales_list.
Check that stdout contains a line with "Maximum sales: $<max_sales>", where <max_sales> is the maximum value in total_sales_list.

Solution

Switch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below

Everything was clear?

Thanks for your feedback!

Swipe to show menu

Built-in Functions

What are Built-in Functions?

Output Requirements

Requirements checklist

Solution

Awesome!

Awesome!

Built-in Functions

What are Built-in Functions?

Output Requirements

Requirements checklist

Solution

Awesome!