Summary  
This chapter explains how to build and customize chart objects by selecting data ranges (including non-adjacent), choosing appropriate chart types and styles, and adjusting layout attributes such as position and size.

General domain of usage  
Data visualization

You will explore the basics of creating clear and effective **charts** in Excel. 

## Key Points

- Use the **Insert** tab and the **Charts** group to create different chart types such as **3-D Pie**, **2-D Column**, and **2-D Area**, etc. charts;
- Select non-adjacent ranges by holding `Ctrl/Cmd` to build charts from specific columns only;
- Move and resize charts to organize them clearly within the worksheet layout;
- Choose appropriate chart styles to improve visual presentation and readability of data.

Initial Workbook

import unittest
import json
import os


def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)


class TestUserCode(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        cls._no_data = True
        cls.sheet = {}
        cls.styles = {}
        if os.path.exists("payload.json"):
            try:
                with open("payload.json") as f:
                    raw = f.read().strip()
                if not raw:
                    return
                data = json.loads(raw)
            except (json.JSONDecodeError, ValueError):
                return
        else:
            return
        cls._no_data = False
        cls.sheet_id = next(iter(data["sheets"]))

        # Parse chart plugin: {"sheet1": [ {chartType, rangeInfo, ...}, ... ]}
        resources = data.get("resources", [])
        cp = next((r for r in resources if r.get("name") == "SHEET_CHART_PLUGIN"), {})
        raw = cp.get("data", "{}")
        chart_data = json.loads(raw) if raw else {}
        cls.charts = chart_data.get(cls.sheet_id, [])

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # Helpers
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #

    def _chart_range(self, chart):
        """Return the range dict from a chart entry."""
        return chart.get("rangeInfo", {}).get("rangeInfo", {}).get("range", {})

    def _find_charts(self, end_col):
        """Return ALL charts whose range ends at end_col (startRow=2, startCol=0).
        Students may misclick and insert multiple charts on the same range;
        the step passes if ANY of them has the correct type.
        """
        return [
            c for c in self.charts
            if (self._chart_range(c).get("startRow") == 2
                and self._chart_range(c).get("startColumn") == 0
                and self._chart_range(c).get("endColumn") == end_col)
        ]

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # Step 0 — at least 3 charts must exist
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #

    def test_three_charts_created(self):
        if self._no_data:
            _dynamic_test(self, True, "Three charts created.", ""); return
        n = len(self.charts)
        ok = n >= 3
        _dynamic_test(self, ok,
            "Three charts created.",
            f"Expected at least 3 charts, found {n}. "
            f"Insert all three charts: Pie (A3:E15), Column (A3:D15), Area (A3:B15).")

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # Step 1 — Pie chart on A3:E15
    # 0-based: startRow=2, startColumn=0, endRow=14, endColumn=4
    # chartType=8 in Univer
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #

    def test_pie_chart_A3_E15(self):
        if self._no_data:
            _dynamic_test(self, True, "Pie chart created for A3:E15.", ""); return
        charts = self._find_charts(end_col=4)
        if not charts:
            _dynamic_test(self, False,
                "Pie chart created for A3:E15.",
                "No chart found covering A3:E15. "
                "Select A3:E15 → Insert tab → Insert Chart → Pie chart.")
            return

        ok = any(c.get("chartType") == 8 for c in charts)
        types = [c.get("chartType") for c in charts]
        _dynamic_test(self, ok,
            "Pie chart created for A3:E15.",
            f"No Pie chart (type 8) found on A3:E15 (found types: {types}). "
            f"Select A3:E15 → Insert Chart → choose Pie chart.")

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # Step 2 — Column chart on A3:D15
    # 0-based: startRow=2, startColumn=0, endRow=14, endColumn=3
    # chartType=4 in Univer
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #

    def test_column_chart_A3_D15(self):
        if self._no_data:
            _dynamic_test(self, True, "Column chart created for A3:D15.", ""); return
        charts = self._find_charts(end_col=3)
        if not charts:
            _dynamic_test(self, False,
                "Column chart created for A3:D15.",
                "No chart found covering A3:D15. "
                "Select A3:D15 → Insert tab → Insert Chart → Column chart.")
            return

        ok = any(c.get("chartType") == 4 for c in charts)
        types = [c.get("chartType") for c in charts]
        _dynamic_test(self, ok,
            "Column chart created for A3:D15.",
            f"No Column chart (type 4) found on A3:D15 (found types: {types}). "
            f"Select A3:D15 → Insert Chart → choose Column chart.")

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # Step 3 — Area chart on A3:B15
    # 0-based: startRow=2, startColumn=0, endRow=14, endColumn=1
    # chartType=16 in Univer
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #

    def test_area_chart_A3_B15(self):
        if self._no_data:
            _dynamic_test(self, True, "Area chart created for A3:B15.", ""); return
        charts = self._find_charts(end_col=1)
        if not charts:
            _dynamic_test(self, False,
                "Area chart created for A3:B15.",
                "No chart found covering A3:B15. "
                "Select A3:B15 → Insert tab → Insert Chart → Area chart.")
            return

        ok = any(c.get("chartType") == 16 for c in charts)
        types = [c.get("chartType") for c in charts]
        _dynamic_test(self, ok,
            "Area chart created for A3:B15.",
            f"No Area chart (type 16) found on A3:B15 (found types: {types}). "
            f"Select A3:B15 → Insert Chart → choose Area chart.")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()


test_main.py

Dive into the world of Excel with this comprehensive video course, designed to take you from basic navigation to mastering functions and basic data analysis. Starting with foundational skills like data entry and cell formatting, you'll quickly progress to using powerful tools. Whether you're organizing large datasets, performing statistical analysis, or creating dynamic charts, this course equips you with the practical skills needed in today’s data-driven environment.

Kickstart your journey with Excel by understanding its interface, basic functions, and essential data entry techniques. Learn how to navigate toolbars, worksheets, and master the fundamental elements to set a solid foundation.

Dive deeper into Excel by exploring advanced data entry and formatting options. Sharpen your skills in text and number formatting, discover how to effectively use styles, and enhance spreadsheet readability and functionality.

Unleash the power of Excel with an introduction to basic formulas and functions. Gain confidence in creating calculations, using cell references, and employing key functions like SUM, AVERAGE, MIN, and MAX to automate and simplify your data analysis tasks.

In this section, you will master advanced Excel formulas and functions, enhancing your ability to manage complex calculations. Learn to display and audit formulas, utilize nested and logical statements, and apply conditions effectively to streamline your data analysis tasks.

Explore comprehensive techniques for sorting, filtering, and managing data efficiently. This section covers everything from basic data organization to advanced filtering and table management, ensuring you can handle and analyze data effectively.

Dive into the art of data visualization using Excel's powerful charting tools. You'll learn to create various types of charts, customize them to enhance visual appeal, and manipulate data within charts to present clear and compelling visual stories.

Gain proficiency in managing worksheets and workbooks within Excel. This section teaches you how to effectively organize and manipulate workbook elements, utilize formatting tools, and secure your work with passwords, providing a thorough grounding in workbook operations.

Creating a Basic Chart in Excel

Key Points