Summary  
This chapter explains how to customize text by adjusting font properties (size, style, color), adding emphasis (bold, italic, underline), changing text orientation, and applying cell styles for consistent formatting.  

General domain of usage  
Spreadsheet data presentation

**Text formatting** in Excel helps you make your data easier to read and more professional by customizing fonts, sizes, colors, emphasis, and orientation.

- Format text using **Font Size**, **Font** (style), and **Font Color** in the **Home** tab → **Font** group;
- Add emphasis with **Bold** and **Italic** in the **Home** tab → **Font** group;
- Change text direction with **Orientation** in the **Home** tab → **Alignment** group;
- Apply consistent formatting using **Cell Styles** in the **Home** tab → **Styles** group.

Initial Workbook

import unittest
import json
import os


def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)


class TestUserCode(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        cls._no_data = True
        cls.sheet = {}
        cls.styles = {}

        if os.path.exists("payload.json"):
            try:
                with open("payload.json") as f:
                    content = f.read().strip()
                if content:
                    data = json.loads(content)
                    cls.sheet = next(iter(data["sheets"].values()))
                    cls.styles = data.get("styles", {})
                    cls._no_data = False
            except (json.JSONDecodeError, ValueError, StopIteration):
                pass

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # Helpers
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #

    def _cell(self, row, col):
        """Looks up cell by (row, col), handles Univer range keys like '1-3'."""
        row_data = self.sheet.get("cellData", {}).get(str(row), {})
        if str(col) in row_data:
            return row_data[str(col)]
        for key, cell in row_data.items():
            if "-" in key:
                try:
                    start, end = map(int, key.split("-", 1))
                    if start <= col <= end:
                        return cell
                except ValueError:
                    pass
        return None

    def _cell_style(self, row, col):
        cell = self._cell(row, col)
        if not cell:
            return {}
        s = cell.get("s")
        if isinstance(s, str):
            return self.styles.get(s, {})
        if isinstance(s, dict):
            return s
        return {}

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # Step 1 — Change Font on A1
    # Original font: Arial
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #

    def test_font_changed_A1(self):
        if self._no_data:
            _dynamic_test(self, True, "Font changed on A1.", ""); return
        ff = self._cell_style(0, 0).get("ff")
        changed = ff is not None and ff != "Arial"
        _dynamic_test(self, changed,
            "Font changed on A1.",
            f"Font on A1 was not changed (ff={ff!r}). Select A1 and choose a different font.")

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # Step 2 — Change Font Size on A1
    # Original size: 20
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #

    def test_font_size_changed_A1(self):
        if self._no_data:
            _dynamic_test(self, True, "Font size changed on A1.", ""); return
        fs = self._cell_style(0, 0).get("fs")
        changed = fs is not None and fs != 20
        _dynamic_test(self, changed,
            "Font size changed on A1.",
            f"Font size on A1 was not changed (fs={fs!r}). Select A1 and set a different font size.")

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # Step 3 — Apply Font Color on A1
    # Original color: #FFFFFF (white — must choose a visible color)
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #

    def test_font_color_A1(self):
        if self._no_data:
            _dynamic_test(self, True, "Font color applied to A1.", ""); return
        cl = self._cell_style(0, 0).get("cl", {})
        rgb = cl.get("rgb", "")
        has_color = bool(rgb) and rgb.upper() not in ("#FFFFFF", "")
        _dynamic_test(self, has_color,
            "Font color applied to A1.",
            f"Font color on A1 is not set or is still white (cl={cl!r}). Select A1 and choose a font color.")

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # Step 4 — Change Font on A3:A6
    # Original font: Amasis MT Pro
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #

    def test_font_changed_A3_A6(self):
        if self._no_data:
            _dynamic_test(self, True, "Font changed on A3:A6.", ""); return
        missing = []
        for row in range(2, 6):
            ff = self._cell_style(row, 0).get("ff")
            if ff is None or ff == "Amasis MT Pro":
                missing.append(f"A{row + 1} (ff={ff!r})")
        _dynamic_test(self, len(missing) == 0,
            "Font changed on A3:A6.",
            f"Font not changed on: {missing}. Select A3:A6 and choose a different font.")

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # Step 5 — Bold on A9:H9
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #

    def test_bold_A9_H9(self):
        if self._no_data:
            _dynamic_test(self, True, "Bold applied to A9:H9.", ""); return
        missing = []
        for col in range(0, 8):
            bl = self._cell_style(8, col).get("bl")
            if bl != 1:
                missing.append(f"{chr(ord('A') + col)}9")
        _dynamic_test(self, len(missing) == 0,
            "Bold applied to A9:H9.",
            f"Bold not applied on: {missing}.")

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # Step 6 — Italic + Underline on F3
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #

    def test_italic_underline_F3(self):
        if self._no_data:
            _dynamic_test(self, True, "Italic and Underline applied to F3.", ""); return
        style = self._cell_style(2, 5)
        it = style.get("it")
        ul = style.get("ul")
        ok = it == 1 and ul is not None
        _dynamic_test(self, ok,
            "Italic and Underline applied to F3.",
            f"F3 missing formatting: italic={it!r} (expected 1), underline={ul!r} (expected set).")

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #
    # Step 7 — Rotate Text Up on A9:H9
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------ #

    def test_rotate_text_up_A9_H9(self):
        if self._no_data:
            _dynamic_test(self, True, "Rotate Text Up applied to A9:H9.", ""); return
        missing = []
        for col in range(0, 8):
            tr = self._cell_style(8, col).get("tr", {})
            angle = tr.get("a") if isinstance(tr, dict) else None
            if angle not in (45, -90, 90):
                missing.append(f"{chr(ord('A') + col)}9 (tr={tr!r})")
        _dynamic_test(self, len(missing) == 0,
            "Rotate Text Up applied to A9:H9.",
            f"Text rotation not set on: {missing}.")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()


test_main.py

Dive into the world of Excel with this comprehensive video course, designed to take you from basic navigation to mastering functions and basic data analysis. Starting with foundational skills like data entry and cell formatting, you'll quickly progress to using powerful tools. Whether you're organizing large datasets, performing statistical analysis, or creating dynamic charts, this course equips you with the practical skills needed in today’s data-driven environment.

Kickstart your journey with Excel by understanding its interface, basic functions, and essential data entry techniques. Learn how to navigate toolbars, worksheets, and master the fundamental elements to set a solid foundation.

Dive deeper into Excel by exploring advanced data entry and formatting options. Sharpen your skills in text and number formatting, discover how to effectively use styles, and enhance spreadsheet readability and functionality.

Unleash the power of Excel with an introduction to basic formulas and functions. Gain confidence in creating calculations, using cell references, and employing key functions like SUM, AVERAGE, MIN, and MAX to automate and simplify your data analysis tasks.

In this section, you will master advanced Excel formulas and functions, enhancing your ability to manage complex calculations. Learn to display and audit formulas, utilize nested and logical statements, and apply conditions effectively to streamline your data analysis tasks.

Explore comprehensive techniques for sorting, filtering, and managing data efficiently. This section covers everything from basic data organization to advanced filtering and table management, ensuring you can handle and analyze data effectively.

Dive into the art of data visualization using Excel's powerful charting tools. You'll learn to create various types of charts, customize them to enhance visual appeal, and manipulate data within charts to present clear and compelling visual stories.

Gain proficiency in managing worksheets and workbooks within Excel. This section teaches you how to effectively organize and manipulate workbook elements, utilize formatting tools, and secure your work with passwords, providing a thorough grounding in workbook operations.

Text Formatting in Excel

Key Points

Essential Keyboard Shortcuts