Mathematical Operations

JavaScript can perform the following operations with numbers:

Addition (+);
Subtraction (-);
Multiplication (*);
Division (/);
Remainder, or Modulo (%);
Exponent (**).

Note

If you are already familiar with these operations and how they work, skip to the last section (Priority of Execution of Operations) or proceed with this chapter.

Addition and Subtraction


              123456
            
console.log(25 + 13);  // Addition
console.log(37 - 2);  // Subtraction

let a = 25, b = 23;
console.log(a + b);  // Addition
console.log(a - b);  // Subtraction

Multiplication and Division


              1234567
            
console.log(12 * 3);  // Multiplication
console.log(12 / 3);  // Division
console.log(273 / 23);  // Division

let a = 77, b = 11;
console.log(a * b);  // Multiplication
console.log(a / b);  // Division

Remainder (Modulo)

This operation returns the remainder of a division and is performed using the % operator:


              12345
            
console.log(77 % 10);
console.log(25 % 11);

let a = 27, b = 21;
console.log(a % b);

Exponent

This operation raises a number to a certain power. The first number is the base, and the second is the exponent to which it must be raised. It is performed using the ** operator:


              123456
            
console.log(10 ** 6); // 10 * 10 * 10 * 10 * 10 * 10 (6 times)
console.log(2 ** 7); // 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 (7 times)

let a = 2;
let b = 3;
console.log(a ** b);

Priority of Execution of Operations

Each operation has its execution priority, and the sequence of execution depends on it.

Note

If operations have the same priority, they will be executed from left to right.

You can use parentheses ( ) to modify the priority of execution:


              123
            
console.log(25 + 7 * 2 ** 3); // Example 1
console.log((25 + 7) * 2 ** 3); // Example 2
console.log(((25 + 7) * 2) ** 3); // Example 3

Note

Parentheses () have the highest priority. Inner parentheses are evaluated first, followed by outer ones.

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Section 3. Chapter 2