Summary  
This chapter explains how to use the ++ and -- operators as shorthand to increment or decrement a variable by one in code.

General domain of usage  
loops

**Increment** and **Decrement** are operations used to increase or decrease a variable's value by `1`.

# Increment
The increment operation is performed using the `++` operator:

let a = 0;
a++;
console.log(a);
a++;
console.log(a);
a++;
console.log(a);

> Note
>
> The expression `a++` is equivalent to `a = a + 1` or `a += 1`.

# Decrement
The decrement operation is performed using the `--` operator:

let a = 5;
a--;
console.log(a);
a--;
console.log(a);
a--;
console.log(a);

> Note
>
> The expression `a--` is equivalent to `a = a - 1` or `a -= 1`.

Increment and decrement operations are frequently used in loops, which we will discuss in more detail later.

Learn the fundamentals of JavaScript, the backbone of dynamic web development. Discover essential concepts like syntax, variables, data types, and operators. Explore how to use conditional statements, loops, and functions to create interactive and efficient programs. Master the building blocks of JavaScript and lay the groundwork for more advanced programming skills.

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Explore the building blocks of JavaScript by distinguishing between literals and variables. Understand the core data types, including `null` and arrays, and learn how to manipulate them using array methods.

Learn how to manipulate JavaScript's data types through essential operations. Master assignment, mathematical operations, incrementing and decrementing, comparisons, logical operations, and string concatenation.

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Increment and Decrement Operators

Increment

Decrement