Summary  
This chapter covers nested conditional statements, showing how to embed multiple IF functions within a single formula to perform sequential logical tests and return different results based on those evaluations.

General domain of usage  
Spreadsheet data analysis

Now that you're familiar with the basic `IF` function, it's time to take things up a notch with **Nested** `IF` **statements**. 

Nested `IF`s allow you to perform **multiple logical tests** in a single formula, making your Excel sheets even more dynamic. 

By learning how to layer multiple conditions, you'll be able to create more sophisticated and versatile formulas, improving the **depth and accuracy** of your data analysis.

## Key Points
- Structure **nested** `IF` **statements** to evaluate multiple conditions like this: `=IF(condition1, value_if_true1, IF(condition2, value_if_true2))`;
- Use **nested** `IF` **statements** for intricate decision-making in your spreadsheets;
- Ensure each nested `IF` statement is correctly closed with the appropriate number of **parentheses**;
- Apply nested `IF` statements to create **multi-layered logical tests** for more detailed analysis.

import unittest
import json


def _dynamic_test(test_case, condition, success_message, failure_message):
    if condition:
        test_case._testMethodName = success_message
        test_case.assertTrue(True, success_message)
    else:
        test_case._testMethodName = failure_message
        test_case.fail(failure_message)


class TestUserCode(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        with open("payload.json") as f:
            data = json.load(f)
        cls.sheet = next(iter(data["sheets"].values()))

    def _cell_value(self, row, col):
        cell = self.sheet.get("cellData", {}).get(str(row), {}).get(str(col))
        return None if cell is None else cell.get("v")

    def _check_cell_value(self, row, col, cell_ref, *expected_values):
        actual = self._cell_value(row, col)

        _dynamic_test(
            self,
            actual in expected_values,
            f"{cell_ref} contains the correct formula or result.",
            f"{cell_ref} should contain one of {expected_values!r}, but found {actual!r}."
        )

    def test_j34_formula_or_result_is_correct(self):
        self._check_cell_value(
            33, 9, "J34",
            '=IF(J22>=90,"20%",IF(J22>=80,"15%",IF(J22>=70,"10%",IF(J22>=60,"5%","0%"))))',
            "5%",
            0.05
        )

    def test_k34_formula_or_result_is_correct(self):
        self._check_cell_value(
            33, 10, "K34",
            '=IF(K22>=90,"20%",IF(K22>=80,"15%",IF(K22>=70,"10%",IF(K22>=60,"5%","0%"))))',
            "10%",
            0.1
        )

    def test_l34_formula_or_result_is_correct(self):
        self._check_cell_value(
            33, 11, "L34",
            '=IF(L22>=90,"20%",IF(L22>=80,"15%",IF(L22>=70,"10%",IF(L22>=60,"5%","0%"))))',
            "10%",
            0.1
        )

    def test_j40_formula_or_result_is_correct(self):
        self._check_cell_value(
            39, 9, "J40",
            '=IF(J28>=90,"20%",IF(J28>=80,"15%",IF(J28>=70,"10%",IF(J28>=60,"5%","0%"))))',
            "5%",
            0.05
        )

    def test_k40_formula_or_result_is_correct(self):
        self._check_cell_value(
            39, 10, "K40",
            '=IF(K28>=90,"20%",IF(K28>=80,"15%",IF(K28>=70,"10%",IF(K28>=60,"5%","0%"))))',
            "20%",
            0.2
        )

    def test_l40_formula_or_result_is_correct(self):
        self._check_cell_value(
            39, 11, "L40",
            '=IF(L28>=90,"20%",IF(L28>=80,"15%",IF(L28>=70,"10%",IF(L28>=60,"5%","0%"))))',
            "10%",
            0.1
        )


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

test_main.py

Dive into the world of Excel with this comprehensive video course, designed to take you from basic navigation to mastering functions and basic data analysis. Starting with foundational skills like data entry and cell formatting, you'll quickly progress to using powerful tools. Whether you're organizing large datasets, performing statistical analysis, or creating dynamic charts, this course equips you with the practical skills needed in today’s data-driven environment.

Kickstart your journey with Excel by understanding its interface, basic functions, and essential data entry techniques. Learn how to navigate toolbars, worksheets, and master the fundamental elements to set a solid foundation.

Dive deeper into Excel by exploring advanced data entry and formatting options. Sharpen your skills in text and number formatting, discover how to effectively use styles, and enhance spreadsheet readability and functionality.

Unleash the power of Excel with an introduction to basic formulas and functions. Gain confidence in creating calculations, using cell references, and employing key functions like SUM, AVERAGE, MIN and MAX to automate and simplify your data analysis tasks.

In this section, you will master advanced Excel formulas and functions, enhancing your ability to manage complex calculations. Learn to display and audit formulas, utilize nested and logical statements, and apply conditions effectively to streamline your data analysis tasks.

Explore comprehensive techniques for sorting, filtering, and managing data efficiently. This section covers everything from basic data organization to advanced filtering and table management, ensuring you can handle and analyze data effectively.

Dive into the art of data visualization using Excel's powerful charting tools. You'll learn to create various types of charts, customize them to enhance visual appeal, and manipulate data within charts to present clear and compelling visual stories.

Gain proficiency in managing worksheets and workbooks within Excel. This section teaches you how to effectively organize and manipulate workbook elements, utilize formatting tools, and secure your work with passwords, providing a thorough grounding in workbook operations.

Using Nested IF Statements

Key Points

Solution