Summary  
This chapter covers how to create matrices by binding vectors as rows or as columns using rbind() and cbind() functions.  

General domain of usage  
Data analysis

A **matrix** is a **two-dimensional** data structure where each element is identified by its row and column position, and elements must be of the **same data type**.

Definition

In R, matrices can be created in different ways. The most common are by merging vectors as rows or by merging them as columns.

## Creating Matrix from Rows
You can create a matrix by combining vectors as rows with `rbind()` function.

row_1 = c(1, 2, 3)
row_2 = c(4, 5, 6)

# Bind rows into a matrix
rbind(row_1, row_2)

This produces a matrix with **two rows** and **three columns**.

## Creating Matrix from Columns
Alternatively, you can create a matrix by combining vectors as columns with `cbind()` function.

col_1 = c(1, 2, 3)
col_2 = c(4, 5, 6)

# Bind columns into a matrix
cbind(col_1, col_2)

This produces a matrix with **three rows** and **two columns**.

Gain a solid understanding of R, one of the most widely used languages for data analysis. Explore fundamental data types and one-dimensional values, then advance to multi-dimensional structures, including matrices, data frames, and lists. Build the skills needed to apply R effectively in statistical analysis and data-driven decision-making.

Learn the essentials of R syntax, such as arithmetic, variables, printing functions, and comments. Strengthen your understanding of computational logic through exercises.

Explore R's data types and understand their role in data handling. Build skills in working with vectors as essential structures for organizing and analyzing information.

Develop the ability to manage categorical data effectively. Discover how to structure, group, and interpret values by converting raw data into clear categories.

Understand how to represent and work with structured two-dimensional data. Build confidence in transforming, labeling, and applying operations to matrices for analytical tasks.

Master the most widely used data structure in R for tabular information. Learn to organize, transform, and extract insights from datasets to support data-driven decisions.

Learn how lists extend beyond vectors by storing elements of different types and lengths. Develop the ability to create, access, and modify lists for organizing complex data structures.

Understanding Matrices

Creating Matrix from Rows

Example

Creating Matrix from Columns

Example

Solution

Awesome!

Understanding Matrices

Creating Matrix from Rows

Example

Creating Matrix from Columns

Example

Solution