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R Introduction: Part I
course content

Course Content

R Introduction: Part I

R Introduction: Part I

1. Basic Syntax and Operations
Why R?Basic ArithmeticUsing the print() Function Comments in RInteger Division and RemaindersExponentiationcat() FunctionVariablesRevenue CalculationAssignment Operators
2. Basic Data Types and Vectors
Data TypesNumbersType ConversionLogical TypesVectorsLabeling VectorsIndexing in VectorsModifying VectorsDeleting Elements from VectorsArithmetic Operations with Vectors
3. Factors
What is a Factor?Indexing in FactorsLevelsCounting ValuesGrouping Numeric DataGrades Summary

Numbers

In the previous section, we observed that the number 10 was identified as a double even though it is an integer. Let's delve into this peculiarity.

R can categorize numeric values into several types, which are:

  • double - representing real numbers;
  • integer - for whole numbers;
  • complex - for numbers with both a real and an imaginary part.

To have R recognize 10 as an integer instead of a double, you can append L to the number. Here’s how you can do it:


              
12

            
typeof(10) # Example of double type
typeof(10L) # Example of integer type
copy

Differentiating between 10 and 10L is important because of how memory is utilized — integers take up less space.

Task

  1. Assign the current year's numerical value to a variable named year, and ensure that it is of integer type by appending L.
  2. Determine and display the type of the year variable:

Task

  1. Assign the current year's numerical value to a variable named year, and ensure that it is of integer type by appending L.
  2. Determine and display the type of the year variable:

Switch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below

Everything was clear?

Section 2. Chapter 2
toggle bottom row

Numbers

In the previous section, we observed that the number 10 was identified as a double even though it is an integer. Let's delve into this peculiarity.

R can categorize numeric values into several types, which are:

  • double - representing real numbers;
  • integer - for whole numbers;
  • complex - for numbers with both a real and an imaginary part.

To have R recognize 10 as an integer instead of a double, you can append L to the number. Here’s how you can do it:


              
12

            
typeof(10) # Example of double type
typeof(10L) # Example of integer type
copy

Differentiating between 10 and 10L is important because of how memory is utilized — integers take up less space.

Task

  1. Assign the current year's numerical value to a variable named year, and ensure that it is of integer type by appending L.
  2. Determine and display the type of the year variable:

Task

  1. Assign the current year's numerical value to a variable named year, and ensure that it is of integer type by appending L.
  2. Determine and display the type of the year variable:

Switch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below

Everything was clear?

Section 2. Chapter 2
toggle bottom row

Numbers

In the previous section, we observed that the number 10 was identified as a double even though it is an integer. Let's delve into this peculiarity.

R can categorize numeric values into several types, which are:

  • double - representing real numbers;
  • integer - for whole numbers;
  • complex - for numbers with both a real and an imaginary part.

To have R recognize 10 as an integer instead of a double, you can append L to the number. Here’s how you can do it:


              
12

            
typeof(10) # Example of double type
typeof(10L) # Example of integer type
copy

Differentiating between 10 and 10L is important because of how memory is utilized — integers take up less space.

Task

  1. Assign the current year's numerical value to a variable named year, and ensure that it is of integer type by appending L.
  2. Determine and display the type of the year variable:

Task

  1. Assign the current year's numerical value to a variable named year, and ensure that it is of integer type by appending L.
  2. Determine and display the type of the year variable:

Switch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below

Everything was clear?

In the previous section, we observed that the number 10 was identified as a double even though it is an integer. Let's delve into this peculiarity.

R can categorize numeric values into several types, which are:

  • double - representing real numbers;
  • integer - for whole numbers;
  • complex - for numbers with both a real and an imaginary part.

To have R recognize 10 as an integer instead of a double, you can append L to the number. Here’s how you can do it:


              
12

            
typeof(10) # Example of double type
typeof(10L) # Example of integer type
copy

Differentiating between 10 and 10L is important because of how memory is utilized — integers take up less space.

Task

  1. Assign the current year's numerical value to a variable named year, and ensure that it is of integer type by appending L.
  2. Determine and display the type of the year variable:

Switch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below
Section 2. Chapter 2
Switch to desktop for real-world practiceContinue from where you are using one of the options below
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