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C Basics
course content

Course Content

C Basics

C Basics

1. Introduction
Structure of the C-ProgramEssentials of C ProgramHow to Run the Program?
2. Data
DataVariablesPrintfIntroduction to ArraysTwo Dimensional ArraysChar and StringSizeofPrintf PracticeSizeof Practice
3. Operators
Assignment, Comparison, Not Equal ToSum, Difference, Increment, DecrementMultiplication, Division and ModuloComparison OperatorsComparison Operators PracticeLogical OperatorsLogical Operators Practice
4. Control Statements
If-else Operatorif-else Operator PracticeTernary OperatorSwitch, BreakWhile, Do-WhileFor, ContinueFor Loop Practice
5. Functions
Structure of the FunctionDeclaration, Type and ReturnArgumentsPassing ArgumentsHeader, Prototypes Void, Recursion
6. Pointers
Pointers are around UsReferences and DereferencesPointersMalloc and FreeFunctions, Arrays and Two PointersVoid

bookEssentials of C Program

Let's delve deeper into our introductory program:

c

Main

copy

              
12345678

            
#include <stdio.h> // preprocessor directive

int main() // the main function
{
	printf("Hello, c<>definity!\n"); // print text

	return 0; // exit
}

printf Function

The printf() function displays output on the screen. For our example, it shows the message "Hello, c<>definity!". Text meant for display should be wrapped in double quotes, like this:

Control Characters

Note

In C, \n is recognized as a single character, not two separate characters ("\" and "n").

The character sequence \n represents a newline. This means that any content following this sequence will appear on the next line.

c

Main

copy

              
12345678

            
#include <stdio.h> 

int main() 
{
	printf("Hel\nlo");

	return 0;
}

Throughout this course, we'll occasionally utilize the \t character for tabulation, which equates to a tab, or 4 spaces.

c

Main

copy

              
12345678

            
#include <stdio.h> 

int main() 
{
	printf("Hel\tlo");

	return 0;
}

The Semicolon

The semicolon ; signifies the end of a statement in C. Every statement in C should conclude with a ;. Think of it like the period at the end of a written sentence.

The Return Statement

return is the statement used to end a function and potentially return a value. In the context of the main function, the standard in C requires the use of return 0. While it has specific implications on UNIX systems, it generally indicates an "Exit status" or the successful termination of a program. We'll explore the return statement in greater depth as the course progresses.

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Section 1. Chapter 2
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